This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Effect of Forging Conditions on the Flow Behavior and Microstructure of a Medium Carbon Microalloyed Forging Steel
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Forging simulations with a 1522 steel microalloyed by additions of 0.25% Mo, 0.13% V and 0.01% Ti were performed on a laboratory thermomechanical processing simulator. The forging conditions included a strain rate of 22s-1, 50% strain, and temperatures in the range from 1200°C to 950°C. The true stress was found to increase with decreasing deformation temperature for all values of instantaneous true strain. The maximum flow stress increased two-fold as deformation temperature decreased from 1200°C to 950°C, and the recrystallized austenite grain size decreased by a factor of two for this same decrease in temperature. Microstructures evolve from bainitic/ferritic at a cooling rate of 1.4°C/s, to fully martensitic at 16.8°C/s, independent of deformation temperature. Room temperature hardnesses depended primarily on cooling rate and were essentially independent of deformation temperature. Hardness ranged from 27 HRC to 48 HRC for the bainitic/ferritic and martensitic microstructures, respectively.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Aloi, N., Krauss, G., Van Tyne, C., and Cheng, Y., "The Effect of Forging Conditions on the Flow Behavior and Microstructure of a Medium Carbon Microalloyed Forging Steel," SAE Technical Paper 940787, 1994, https://doi.org/10.4271/940787.Also In
References
- Krauss G. “Microalloyed Bar and Forging Steels,” Proceedings of the 29th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference ISS Warrendale, PA 1987 67 77
- Specification ASTM-A909-92 “Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use,” April 1992
- Thompson S.W. Krauss G. “Structure and Properties of Continuously Cooled Bainitic Ferrite-Austenite-Martensite Microstructures,” Proceedings of the 31st Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference ISS Warrendale, PA 1989 467 481
- Grassl K. Thompson S.W. Krauss G. “New Options for Steel Selection for Automotive Applications,” SAE Technical Paper Series # 890508 1989
- Oberly P.A. “The Effect of Titanium on the Grain Size, Forgeability, and Microstructural Development in a Microalloyed Steel,” M.S. Thesis No. T-3952 Colorado School of Mines Golden, CO 1991
- Oberly P.A. Van Tyne C.J. Krauss G. “Grain Size and Forgeability of a Titanium Microalloyed Forging Steel,” SAE Technical Paper Series # 910146 1991
- Korchynsky M. Paules J.R. “Microalloyed Forging Steels - A State of the Art Review,” SAE Technical Paper Series #89081 1989
- Grassl K.J. Thompson S.W. Matlock D.K. Krauss G. “Toughness of Medium-Carbon Forging Steels with Direct Cooled Bainitic Microstructures,” Proceedings of the 31st Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference ISS Warrendale, PA 1989 137 143
- Tschanz T.C. “Short Rod Fracture Toughness of Bar Steels,” M.S. Thesis No. T-3993 Colorado School of Mines Golden, CO 1990
- Shipley R.J. Kalaasz T.G. Darden W.S. Moracz D.J. “Research on the Energy Conservation Potential of Warm Forging Technology,” DOE Report DE-AC07-841D12528 1985
- Haferkamp H. Bach F.-W. Peters K. “Improved Tool Life of Forging Dies by Modifying Hot Work Tool Steels,” Proceedings of New Materials Processes Experiences for Tooling Berns H. Hofmann M. Norström L.-A. Rasche K. Schindler A.-M. International European Conference on Tooling Materials, Mat. Search Andelfingen, Germany 1992 275 287
- Seidel R. Luig H. “Friction and Wear Processes in Hot Die Forging,” Proceedings of New Materials Processes Experiences for Tooling Berns H. Hofmann M. Norström L.-A. Rasche K. Schindler A.-M. International European Conference on Tooling Materials, Mat. Search Andelfingen, Germany 1992 467 480
- Leslie W.C. The Physical Metallurgy of Steels Hemisphere Publishing Corporation Washington, D.C. 1981 249 256
- Cheng Y.W. Rosenthal Y. McHenry H.I. “Development of a Computer-Controlled Hot Deformation Apparatus at NIST,” NIST Report NISTIR 89-3925 1989
- Metallography and Microstructures 9 Metals Handbook Ninth ASM Metals Park, OH 1985 123 125
- Roberts W. Sandberg A. Siwecki T. Werlefors T. “Prediction of Microstructure Development During Recrystallization Hot Rolling of Ti-V Steels,” HSLA Steels: Technology and Applications, Conference Proceedings Korchynsky M. ASM Metals Park, OH 1984 67 84
- Andrews K.W. “Empirical Formulae for the Calculation of Some Transformation Temperatures,” JISI 203 1965 721 727