This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Effects of the Gasoline Composition on Exhaust Emissions of Regulated and Speciated Pollutants
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The evolution of European requirements for the reduction of spark ignited engine emissions makes necessary a better understanding of the impact of gasoline formulation on regulated, photochemical and toxic pollutants.
To this end, the effects of gasoline have been studied on a European four-cylinder engine, fitted with a three-way catalyst and operated at steady state conditions.
A design for experiments with mixtures made it possible to study the effects of different classes of gasoline compounds, using n-pentane, isopentane, 1-pentene, cyclohexane, n-octane, isooctane, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylenes and o-xylene introduced in an alkylate base stock.
Aromatics, especially the more substituted ones, produce the greatest engine-out hydrocarbon emissions. They also increase the nitrogen oxide emissions. However, both unburned hydrocarbon and tailpipe nitrogen oxide emissions are decreased with aromatics. Aromatics are also the main precursors of exhaust benzene, due to the dealkylation of substituted aromatics. Aromatics lower the exhaust formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions, but aromatic aldehyde levels are increased.
Increasing the olefin concentration of fuel increase engine-out nitrogen oxide and 1,3-butadiene emissions. For this last component, cyclohexane and 1-pentene are found to be the main source. Engine-out hydrocarbon emissions are reduced with C5 hydrocarbons. Exhaust olefins are decreased with aromatic fuels.
Isooctane is found to be the most important precursor of isobutene, acetone and methacrolein.
This work carried out in I.F.P., is included in the French Programme “VEHICULE PROPRE ET ECONOME” with ADEME, ELF, ESSO SAF, P.S.A., RENAULT S.A., Société des Pétroles SHELL and TOTAL as partners.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Petit, A. and Montagne, X., "Effects of the Gasoline Composition on Exhaust Emissions of Regulated and Speciated Pollutants," SAE Technical Paper 932681, 1993, https://doi.org/10.4271/932681.Also In
References
- Wigg E. E. et al “The Effects of Fuel Hydrocarbon Composition on Exhaust Hydrocarbon and Oxygenate Emission” Esso Res. SAE 720251
- Wigg E. E. “Reactive Exhaust Emissions from Current and Future Vehicles” Esso Res. SAE 730196
- Hochhauser A. M. et al “The Effects of Aromatics, MTBE, Olefins and T90 on Mass Exhaust Emissions from Current and Older Vehicles - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program” SAE 912322
- Leppard W. R. et al “Effect of Gasoline Composition on Vehicle Engine-Out and Tailpipe Hydrocarbon Emissions - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program” SAE 920329
- den Otter G. J. et al “Effect of Gasoline Formulation on Exhaust Emissions in Current European Vehicles” Shell Res. SAE 930372
- Shore P. R. et al “Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from Aromatic, Olefinic, and Paraffinic Model Fuels” Ricardo Cons. Eng. Ltd SAE 930373
- Kaiser E. W. et al “The Effect of Fuel and Operating Variables on Hydrocarbon Species Distributions in the Exhaust from a Multicylinder Engine” Comb. Sci. and Tech. 1983 32 245 265
- Kaiser E. W. “Effect of Fuel Structure on Emissions from Spark-Ignited Engine - 2 Naphthene and Aromatic Fuels” Env. Sci.. and Tech. 1992 26 1581 1586
- Matthieu D. Phan Tan Luu R. “Logiciel NEMROD” Laboratoire de Prospective Réactionnelle et d'Analyse de l'Information 1983
- Dempster N. M. Shore “An Investigation into the Production of Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Gasoline Engine Tested on Chemically Defined Fuels” Ricardo Cons. Eng. Ltd SAE 900354
- Lipari F. Swarin S. J. “Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes in Automobile Exhaust with an Improved 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method” J. Chromatography 1982 247 297 306
- Harrington J. A. Shishu R. C. “A Single-Cylinder Engine Study of the Effects of Fuel Type, Fuel Stoichiometry and Hydrogen-to-Carbon Ratio on CO, NOx, and HC Exhaust Emissions” Ford Motor Co. SAE 730476
- Quader A. A. “How Injector, Engine, and Fuel Variables Impact Smoke and Hydrocarbon emissions with Port Fuel Injection” G. M. Res. Lab. SAE 890623
- Prigent M. F. et al “Engine Bench Evaluation of Gasoline Composition Effect on Pollutants Conversion Rate by a Three-Way Catalyst” IFP SAE 900153
- Boam D. J. et al “The Sources of Unburnt Hydrocarbon Emissions from Spark Ignition Engines During Cold Starts and Warm-Up” IMechE 1992
- Trinker F. H. et al “The Effect of Engine Oil on Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions” IMechE 1991
- Quader A. A. et al “Why Gasoline 90% Distillation Temperature Affects Emissions with Port Fuel Injection and Premixed Charge” G. M. Res. Lab. SAE 912430
- Gething J. A. “Distillation Adjustment: An Innovative Step to gasoline Reformulation” Chevron Res. SAE 910382
- Jackson M. W.. “Effect of Catalytic Emission Control on Exhaust Hydrocarbon Composition and Reactivity” SAE 780264
- Andersson S. et al “The Effects of Catalyst Ageing on the Composition of Gasoline Engine Hydrocarbon Emissions” SAE 910174
- Marshall W. F.. Gurney M. D. “Effect of Gasoline Composition on Emissions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons” NIPER SAE 890276
- Dryer F. L. Glassmann I. “Combustion Chemistry of Chain Hydrocarbons” Prog. Astro. Aero. 1979 62 255
- Kaiser E. W. et al “Storage and Partial Oxidation of Unburned Hydrocarbons in Spark-Ignited Engines - Effect of Compression Ratio and Spark Timing” Comb. Sci. and Tech. 1984 36 171 189