This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Preliminary Investigation on Genotoxic Potential of Diesel Exhaust
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In order to evaluate the genotoxic potential of DI diesel engine exhaust, Ames tests based on TA98 and TA100 bacteria strains have been conducted. The presence of nitro- and dinitropyrene was proved by comparison of TA98 to TA98NR and TA98 1,8DNP6, respectively. One light and three heavy duty diesel engines, representing past, present and future production, have been tested under steady-state and transient operating conditions.
A correlation between engine load and mutagenic activity has been shown from the particulate extract. Water port injection reveals a dramatic decrease of mutagenicity at high load conditions. In the particulate extract from future very low NOx engines, no nitro- and dinitropyrenes are detected. Engines representing past and present technology however, contain these highly mutagenic compounds.
High quality diesel fuel yields another substantial decrease of mutagenicity.
Tests with human lymphocytes were carried out in order to corroborate bacteria-based findings.
It is clearly shown that the mutagenic activity of diesel exhaust can be influenced either by modifications to the combustion process or by the choice of the proper diesel fuel.
Topic
Citation
Barale, R., Bulleri, M., Cornetti, G., Loprieno, N. et al., "Preliminary Investigation on Genotoxic Potential of Diesel Exhaust," SAE Technical Paper 920397, 1992, https://doi.org/10.4271/920397.Also In
References
- Ingalls M.N. Bradow R.L. “Particulate trends with increased dieselization” Air Poll. Control Assoc., Abs. 74th Annual Meeting 1981
- Walsh M.P. Bradow R. “Diesel Particulate Control Around the World” SAE 910130 1991
- Lewtas J. “Genotoxicity of Complex Mixtures: Strategies for the Identification and Comparative Assessment of Airborne Mutagens and Carcinogens from Combustion Sources” Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 10 May 1988
- Matsuoka A. Sofuni T. Miyata N. Ishidate M. Jr. “Clastogenicity of 1-nitropyrene, Dinitropyrenes, Fluorene and Mononitrofluorene in Cultured Chinese Hamster Cells” Mutation Res. 259 103 110 1991
- Ohgaki H. Negishi C. Wakabayashi K. Kusama K. Sato S. Sugimura T. “Induction of Sarcomas in Rats by Subcutaneous Injection of Dinitropyrenes” Carcinogenesis 5 583 585 1984
- Rosenkranz H.S. “Direct-acting Mutagens in Diesel Exhausts: Magnitude of the Problem” Mutation Res. 101 1 10 1982
- Zaghini N. Mangolini S. Cornetti G.M. Salvatori T. Rizzi G. “Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Vertical Flow Reactor” Combustion Science and Technology 5 225 236 1972
- Franceschi A. Zanelli S. Cornetti G.M. “On the Mechanism of Soot Formation in a Vertical Flow Reactor” Combustion Science and Technology 14 57 62 1976
- Arrigoni V. Cornetti G.M. Gerbaz G.P. Giavazzi F. Pozzi U. “Chemi-Ionization and Carbon in a Spark Ignition Engine” SAE 740192 1974
- Shimoda M. Suzuki T. Shigemori M. “Observation of the Particulate Formation Process in the Cylinder of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine” 870268 1987
- Loprieno N. DeLorenzo F. Cornetti G.M. Biaggini G. “Mutagenicity Studies on Diesel Particles and Particulate Extracts” International Symposium on Healths Effects of Diesel Engine Emissions U.S. EPA November 1980
- Monti F. Giavazzi F. “Fuel Quality Effects on Emissions of Compression Ignition Engines” World Oil Congress Buenos Aires October 1991
- Filippi F. “Which Fuel for the Truck of the Year 2000” AGELFI tenth European Automotive Symposium Ostend October 11-12 1990
- Vanrell B. June 21 1989
- Horiuchi M. Saito K. Ichihara S. “The effects of Flowthrough Type Oxidation Catalysts on the Particulate Reduction, of 1990's Diesel Engines” SAE paper 900600 from SAE SP-816 1990
- Otani T. Shigemori M. Suzuki T. Shimoda M. “Effects of Fuel Injection Pressure and Fuel Properties on Particulate Emissions from H.D.D.I. Diesel Engine” SAE paper 881255 1988
- Ikegami M. Fukuda M. Yoshihara Y. Kaneko J. “Combustion Chamber Shape and Pressurized Injection in High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines” SAE paper 900440 1990
- Rasmussen R.E. “Effect of Fuel Properties on Mutagenic Activity of Heavy-Duty Diesel Particulate” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 40 10 October 1990
- Jensen T.E. Young W. Ball J.C. Freeman L.E. “Direct-Acting Mutagenicity of Diesel Particulate Extract is Unchanged by Addition of Neat Aromatic Compounds to Diesel Fuel” APCA Journal 38 1 January 1988
- Rasmussen R.E. Devillez G. “Influence of Particulate Trap Oxidizers on Emission of Mutagenic Compounds by Diesel Automobiles” Journal of Applied Toxicology 9 3 159 168 1989
- Barale R. Giorgelli F. Scarpato R. Scapoli C. Loprieno N. Barrai R. “Correlation Between Mutagenicity of Airborne Particles and Air Pollution Parameters in Eleven Italian Towns” Int. J. Env. Heath Res. 1 37 53 1991
- Reali D. Schlitt H. Lohse C. Barale R. Loprieno N. “Mutagenicity and Chemical Analysis of Airborne Particulates from a Rural Area in Italy” Env. Mutagenesis 6 813 823 1984
- Reali D. Barale R. 81 1137 1157 1984
- Barale R. Migliore L. Cellini B. Francioni L. Giorgelli F. Barrai I. Loprieno N. “Genetic Toxicology of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Cytogenetic Assays and Microbial Mutagenicity Assays” Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures Waters M.D. et al. Plenum Press New York 57 71 1990
- Lewtas J. Chuang J. Nishioka M. Petersen B. “Bioassay-Directed Fractionation of the Organic Extract of SRM 1649 Urban Air Particulate Matter” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 39 245 256 1990
- Austin A.C. Claxton L.D. Lewtas J. “Mutagenicity of Fractionated Organic Emissions from Diesel, Cigarette Smoke Condensate, Coke Oven, and Roofing Tar in the Ames Test” Envi. Mutagenesis 7 471 487 1985
- O'Donovan M.R. “1,8-Dinitropyrene: Comparative Mutagenicity in Chinese Hamster V79 and CHO Cells” Mutagenesis 5 275 277 1990
- Imaida K. Lee M. Wang Y. King C.M. “Carcinogenicity of Dinitropyrenes in the Weanling Female CD Rat” Carcinogenesis 12 1187 1191 1991
- Iwagawa M. Maeda T. Izumi K. Otsuka H. Nishifuji K. Ohnishi J. Aoki S. “Comparative Dose-Response Study on the Pulmonary Carcinogenicity of 1,6-dinitropyrene and Benzo (a) pyrene in F344 Rats” Carcinogenesis 10 1285 1290 1989