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Identification and Analysis of Excess CO Emissions Using EPA Approved Short Tests and Remote Sensing
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Abstract
The Colorado Department of Health (CDH) collected CO exhaust emissions data from twenty-one vehicles using three “short” emissions tests, and the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). CO data were also collected from these vehicles using a remote sensing system. Excess carbon monoxide emissions were calculated from the difference between FTP measurements and federal standards. Emissions were then categorized by individual vehicle and by vehicle type. Errors of comission and omission were determined for each of the short tests and remote sensing system.
The CDH226 showed the highest correlation for identifying vehicles emitting excessive CO. Compared to the FTP, it identified the vehicles responsible for 98.5% of all excess emissions. All the “short” tests and remote sensing tests identified the vehicles producing the majority of excess emissions. The current BAR '84 type idle “short” test and the CDH226 demonstrated the lowest errors of comission, or false failures. Both tests had zero false failures for an error of comission rate of 0%. The remote sensing test experienced a 14.3% error of comission, the highest error of comission.
In the Denver metropolitan CO nonattainment area, emissions from mobile sources account for 90% of the carbon monoxide inventory (1). Excess CO emissions, or emissions in excess of permissible standards, contribute significantly to these overall emissions. Identification of excess emissions and a reduction in those emissions is the principle behind Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs.
To analyze the ability of EPA approved short” tests and a remote sensing test to identify excess emissions, the Colorado Department of Health (CDH) compared data taken from: an idle mode tailpipe test, a loaded two mode short test, the mass emissions CDH 226 test (2), the remote sensing Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT), and the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) (6). Mass emission measurements were compared to the EPA new vehicle certification standards. Concentration measurements were compared to the concentration cutpoints set for the Colorado I/M program.
Authors
- Ken Nelson - Colorado Dept. of Health, Colorado Dept. of Health Air Pollution Control Div.
- Kim Bruce Livo - Colorado Dept. of Health, Colorado Dept. of Health Air Pollution Control Div.
- Ron Ragazzi - Colorado Dept. of Health, Colorado Dept. of Health Air Pollution Control Div.
- Jerry Gallagher - Colorado Dept. of Health, Colorado Dept. of Health Air Pollution Control Div.
Topic
Citation
Nelson, K., Livo, K., Ragazzi, R., and Gallagher, J., "Identification and Analysis of Excess CO Emissions Using EPA Approved Short Tests and Remote Sensing," SAE Technical Paper 911668, 1991, https://doi.org/10.4271/911668.Also In
References
- “Denver Metropolitan Area Carbon Monoxide Emission Inventory for January 15, 1988,” Colorado Department of Health December 1 1989
- Ragazzi R. A. et. al. “An Evaluation of a Colorado Short Vehicle Emission Test (CDR-226) In Predicting Federal Test Procedure (FTP) Failures,” SAE 852111 Tulsa, OK October 1985
- Hammel C. J. et. al. “The Colorado Oxygenated Fuels Demonstration Project,” The Colorado Department of Health January 1988
- Decker D. et. al. “Annual Report to the General Assembly of the State of Colorado on Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Programs,” Colorado Department of Health December 1990
- Code of Federal Regulations “Protection of Environment,” Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration July 1 1990
- U. S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 86, Subpart B, Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks; Test Procedures July 1 1986
- “The Denver FEAT - Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Technical Fact Sheet” The University of Denver March 1990
- Austin T. C. et. al. “A Study of Emissions Deterioration, Post-I/M Tampering, and Cost / Effectiveness of the Smog Check Program,” Sierra Research, Inc. June 7 1990
- Stevens R. D. Cadle S. H. “Remote Sensing Measurements of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from On-Road Vehicles,” J. Air Waste Management 41 1 January 1991
- Austin T. C. Carlson T. R. Gianolini K. A. “An Evaluation of “Remote Sensing for the Measurement of Vehicle Emissions” Sierra Research, Inc. The California Air Resources Board and The California I/M Review Committee August 28 1990