This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Performance of Palladium Automotive Catalysts
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Automotive exhaust catalyst applications usually use various precious metals. The strengths and weaknesses of the various precious metal use strategies have been widely discussed. Recently there is a great interest in the use of palladium because of cost, availability, and performance advantages under certain operating conditions relative to more expensive precious metals.
The main reason why a Pd catalyst is not applied to three-way catalysts is the fact that under reducing conditions Pd has a poor NOx reduction capability because of the self-poisoning of hydrocarbon. We have found that NOx reduction activity is improved by both the periodic operation effect and the addition of lanthana to the Pd catalyst. This paper reviews the performance of Pd catalyst in both engine and simulated exhaust gases under reducing conditions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Muraki, H., "Performance of Palladium Automotive Catalysts," SAE Technical Paper 910842, 1991, https://doi.org/10.4271/910842.Also In
References
- Shelef M. Gandhi H.S. “Ammonia Formation in Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Molecular Hydrogen” Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 11 1972 393
- Schlatter J.C. Taylor K.C. “Platinum and Palladium Addition to Supported Rhodium Catalysts for Automotive Emission Control” J. Catal. 49 1977 42
- Kummer J.T. “Catalysts for Automobile Emission Control” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 6 1980 177
- Canal R.P. Winegarden S.R. Carlson C.R. Miles D.L. “Genelal Motors Phase 2 Catalyst System” SAE Tech. Paper 780205 Detroit, MI. March 1978
- EL Masry H.A. “The Claus Reaction: Effect of Forced Feed Composition Cycling” Appl. Catal. 16 1985 301
- Cutlip M.B. “Concentration Forcing of Catalytic Surface Rate Processes, Part 1-Isothermal Carbon Monoxide Over Supported Platinum” AlChEJ. 25 1979 502
- Abdul-Kareem H.K. Silveston P.L. Hudgins R.R. “Forced Cycling of the Catalytic Oxidation of CO over V 2 O 5 Catalyst-1. Concentration Cycling” Chem. Eng. Sci. 35 1980 2077
- Fiolitakis E. Schmid M. Hofmann H. Silveston P.L. “Investigation of the Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene to Maleic Anhydride by Wave Front Analysis with respect to the Application of Periodic Operation” Can. J. Chem. Eng. 61 1983 703
- Silveston P.L. Hudgins R.R. Adesina A.A. Ross G.S. Feimer J.L. “Activity and Selectivity Control through Periodic Composition Forcing over Fisher-Tropsch Catalysts” Chem. Eng. Sci. 41 1986 923
- Cho B.K. West L.A. “Cyclic Operation of Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts for CO Oxidation” Ind. Eng. Chem., Fundam. 25 1986 158
- Schlatter J.C. Sikevitch R.M. Mitchell P.J. “Laboratory Reactor System for Three-Way Automotive Catalyst Evaluation” Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 22 1983 51
- Muraki H. Shinjoh H. Sobukawa H. Yokota K. Fujitani Y. “Behavior of Automotive Noble Metal Catalysts in Cycled Feedstreams” Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 24 1985 43
- Muraki H. Sobukawa H. Fujitani Y. “Dynamic Behavior of Automotive Noble Metal Catalysts in Model Gas Systems” Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1986 532
- Muraki H. Sobukawa H. Fujitani Y. “Periodic Operation Effects on Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Noble Metal Catalysts” Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1985 176
- Muraki H. Fujitani Y. “NO Reduction by CO over Noble-Metal Catalysts under Cycled Feedstreams” Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 25 1986 414
- Cho B.K. “Performance of Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts in Automotive Engine Exhaust with Oscillatory Air/Fuel Ratio” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27 1988 30
- Chen M. Wang T. Schmidt L.D. “Morphology of Pt-Rh Alloy Crystallites on Amorphous SiO 2 ” J. Catal. 60 1979 356
- Wang T. Schmidt L.D. “Surface Enrichment of Pt-Rh Alloy Particles by Oxidation-Reduction Cycling” J. Catal. 71 1981 411
- Yokota K. Muraki H. Fujitani Y. “Rh-Free Three-Way Catalysts for Automotive Exhaust Control” SAE Paper 850129 Detroit, MI. March 1985
- Adams K.M. Gandhi H.S. “Palladium-Tungsten Catalysts for Automotive Exhaust Treatment” Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 22 1983 207
- Gandhi H.S. Yao H.C. Stepien H.K. “The Use of Molybdenum in Automotive Three-Way Catalysts” ACS Symp. Ser. 178 1982 143
- Muraki H. Shinjoh H. Sobukawa H. Yokota K. Fujitani Y. “Palladium-Lanthanum Catalysts for Automotive Emission Control” Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 25 1986 202
- Muraki H. Shinjoh H. Fujitani Y. “Effect of Lanthanum on the NO Reduction over Palladium Catalysts” Appl. Catal. 22 1986 325
- Muraki H. Yokota K. Fujitani F. “Nitric Oxide Reduction Performance of Automotive Palladium Catalysts” Appl. Catal. 48 1989 93
- Summers J.C. White J.J. Williamson W.B. “Durability of Palladium Only Three-Way Automotive Emission Control Catalysts” SAE Paper 890794 Detroit, MI March 1989
- Adams K.M. Gandhi H.S. “Palladium-Tungsten Catalysts for Automotive Exhaust Treatment” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 22 1983 207
- Gallopoulos N.E. Summers J.C. Klimisch R.L. “Effects of Engine Oil Composition on the Activity of Exhaust Emissions Oxidation Catalysts” SAE Paper 730589 Detroit, MI May 1973
- Weaver E.E. “Effects of Tetraethyl Lead on Catalyst Life and Efficiency in Customer Type Vhicle Operation” SAE Paper 690016 Detroit, MI January 1969
- Lester G.R. Brennan J.F. Hoekstra J. “The Relative Resistance of Noble Metal Catalysts to Thermal Deactivation” Advances in Chemistry 1975 143 24
- Joy G.C. Molinaro F.S. Lester G.R. “Water-Gas Shift and Steam Reforming Ability of Group VIII Metals in Simulated Automotive Exhaust” 6th North American Catalysis Society Meeting Chicago, IL March 1979
- Summers J.C. Silver R.G. “Catalytic Control Issues Associated with the Use of Reformulated Gasolines” SAE Paper 902072 Tulsa, OK October 1990
- Kaneko Y. Kobayashi H. Komagome R. Kirako O. Nakayama O. “Effect of Air-Fuel Ratio Modulation on Conversion Efficiency of Three-Way Catalysts” SAE Paper 780607 Troy, MI June 1978
- Hammerle R.H. Wu C.H. “Three-Way Catalyst Performance Characterization” SAE Paper 810275 Detroit, MI February 1981
- Muraki H. Fukui M. Yokota K. Fujitani Y. “NO Reduction Activity of Pd Caytalyst Modified with Rare Earth Oxides” Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1986 130
- Kuo J.C.W. Morgan C.R. Lassen H.G. “Mathematical Modeling of CO and HC Catalytic Converter Systems” SAE Paper 710289 Detroit, MI January 1971
- Hattori T. Matsumoto H. Murakami Y. “Standardization of Catalyst Test Methods by the Committee on Reference Catalyst of the Catalysis Society of Japan” Preparation of Catalyst IV 815 1967