This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Modeling System for Control of the Thermal and Fluid Dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research Chamber
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The Crop Growth Research Chamber (CGRC), which is being developed under the Controlled Ecological Life Support System program at NASA Ames Research Center, will be operated to support research on the growth dynamics of crops of higher plants within a closed, precisely controlled environment. The CGRC is the first in a series of instruments which will be incorporated into bioregenerative life support systems for space habitats. The dynamic processes of the thermal and fluid portions of the CGRC are profoundly coupled with those of the plants and there is strong reason to believe that consideration of these interactions is necessary in order to design a CGRC which will support sound research.
In this paper we describe the modeling system which we have developed for the thermal and fluid dynamics of the CGRC. The bases of the modeling system are symbolic representations of the individual processes which are included in the representation. The system includes the plant growth chamber, the associated control system components and the control devices. An example of the derivation of the dynamic equations of the system from the symbolic modeling system is presented.
Authors
Citation
Blackwell, A. and Blackwell, C., "A Modeling System for Control of the Thermal and Fluid Dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research Chamber," SAE Technical Paper 891570, 1989, https://doi.org/10.4271/891570.Also In
References
- MacElroy R. D. Smernoff D. T. 1987 Controlled ecological life support system: regenerative life support systems in space. NASA CP 2480
- Blackwell A. L. 1989 A perspective on CELSS control issues In Proceedings of the CELSS ā89 Workshop. In press
- CELSS Research Program. (No date). Crop growth research chamber: plan for the development of equipment for research on higher plant growth for the CELSS program; rationale, design, fabrication, testing and utilization. NASA document.
- MacElroy R. D. Smernoff D. T. Rummel J. D. 1987 Controlled ecological life support system: design, development, and use of a ground-based plant growth module. NASA CP 2479
- Tremor J. Bubenheim D. L. In prep. CELSS laboratory scale plant growth equipment design workshop Tiburon, CA. 14 16 June 1988
- Bubenheim D. L. 1989 The Crop Growth Research Chamber: a ground based facility for CELSS research. In Proceedings of the CELSS ā89 Workshop. In press
- Prince R. P. Knott VV. M. Sager J. C. Hilding S. E. 1987 Design and performance of the KSC biomass production chamber. Seventeenth Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems 13 15 July 1987 Seattle, WA. SAE Paper No. 87-1437
- Prince R. P. Knott W. M. Sager J. C. Jones J. D. 1988 Engineering verification of the KSC biomass production chamber. Paper No. LBS-88-096 in Symposium on Lunar Bases and Space Activities in the 21 st Century Houston, TX. 5 7 April 1988
- Jones P. Jones J. W. Allen L. H. Jr. Mishoe J. W. 1984 Dynamic computer control of closed environmental plant growth chambers. Design and verification. Transactions of the ASAE 27 3 879 888
- Meyer G. E. Lamb J. A. Splinter W. E. 1984 Crop moisture stress analysis using computer-controlled environmental chambers and simulated weather sequences. Transactions of the ASAE 27 1862 1870
- Parsons J. E. Duntap J. L. McKinion J. M. Phene C. J. Baker D. N. 1980 Microprocessor-based data acquisition and control software for plant growth chambers (SPAR system). Transactions of the ASAE 23 589 595
- Phene C. J. Baker D. N. Lambert J. R. Parsons J. E. McKinion J. M. 1978 SPAR - a soil-plant-atmosphere research system. Transactions of the ASAE 21 5 924 930
- Bugbee B. G. 1989 Exploring the limits of crop productivity: a model to evaluate progress. In Proceedings of the CELSS ā89 Workshop. In press
- Cole G. W. 1980a The application of control systems theory to the analysis of ventilated animal housing environments. Transactions of the ASAE 23 431 436
- Cole G. W. 1982 A method to predict the performance of mechanically ventilated systems. Transactions of the ASAE 25 419 424
- Hashimoto Y. 1980 Computer control of short term plant growth by monitoring leaf temperature. Acta Horticulturae 106 139 146
- Willits D. H. Karnoski T. K. Wiser E. H. 1980 A microprocessor-based control system for greenhouse research: Part II - software. Transactions of the ASAE 23 693 698
- Midwest Research Institute 1981 Solar controlled environment agriculture project. Final report 2 Battelle Columbus Laboratories System Requirements Definition and System Analysis. MRI/SOL-0800-02. DE86 001286
- Cole G. W. McClellan P. W. Mannix J. G. 1981 A linear ventilation rate temperature controller for a confined animal housing system. Transactions of the ASAE 23 706 710
- Monteith J. L. Marshall B. Safell R. S. Clarke D. Gallagher J. N. Gregory P. J. Ong C. K. Squire G. R. Terry A. 1983 Environmental control of a glasshouse suite for crop physiology. J. Exp. Botany 34 309 321
- Mitchell B. 1986a Integrated microcomputer-based control system for multiple environmental cabinets. Transactions of the ASAE 29 3 820 823
- Mitchell B. 1986b Microcomputer based environmental control system for a disease-free poultry house. Transactions of the ASAE 29 4 1136 1140
- Sager J. C Hargrove C. R. Prince R. P. Knott W. M. 1988 CELSS atmospheric control system. ASAE summer meeting 26 29 June 1988 Rapid City, SD. Paper No. 88-4018
- Doyle J. C. 1982 Analysis of feedback systems with structured uncertainty. IEE Proceedings D-129 6 242 250
- Athans M. 1986 A tutorial on the LQG/LTR method. Proceedings of the American Control Conference (2) 1289 1296 Seattle, WA.
- Horowitz I. 1982 Quantitative feedback theory. IEE Proceedings D-129 6
- Utkin V. I. 1984 Variable structure systems: present and future. Automation and Remote Control 44 1105 1120
- Corless M. Leitmann G. 1988 Controller design for uncertain systems via Lyapunov functions. Proceedings of the Automatic Control Conference (4) 2019 2024 Atlanta
- Blackwell A. L. Blackwell C. C Kila R. H. Vecera T. 1987 Management strategies under uncertainty: a demonstration of LFGG robust control in a CELSS scenario 8 9 in Space Life Sciences Symposium: Three Decades of Life Science Research in Space Washington, DC. Office of Space Science and Applications, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 400
- Blackwell A. L. Blackwell C. C. 1988 A robust control strategy for uncertain plant growth in a CELSS. Abstracts of the Controlled Environmental Life Support Systems Research Conference. College Station, TX
- Fan L. T. Hwang Y. S. Hwang C. L. 1970 Applications of modern optimal control theory to environmental control of confined spaces and life support systems. Part 1 - Modeling and simulation. Building Science 5 57 71
- Nakantshi Eā Pereira N. C. Fan L. T. Hwang C. L. 1973 Simultaneous control of temperature and humidity in a confined space. Part 1 - Mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of temperature and humidity in a confined space. Building Science 8 39 49
- Bot G. P. A. 1980 Validation of a dynamical model of greenhouse climate. Acta Horticulturae 106 149 155
- Kindelan M. 1980 Dynamic modeling of greenhouse environment. Transactions of the ASAE 23 1232 1239
- Cole G. W. 1980b The derivation and analysis of the differential equations for the air temperature of the confined animal housing system. Transactions of the ASAE 23 712 720
- Chandra P. Albright L. D. Scott N. R. 1981 A time dependent analysis of greenhouse thermal environment. Transactions of the ASAE 24 442 449
- Arinze E. A. Schoenau G. J. Besant R. W. 1984 A dynamic thermal performance simulation model of an energy conserving greenhouse with thermal storage. Transactions of the ASAE 26 508 519
- Shearer J. L. Murphy A. T. Richardson H. H. 1967 Introduction to system dynamics Addison-Wesley Reading, MA 420
- Dorf R. C. 1989 Modern control systems Addison-Wesley Reading, MA. 603
- Takahashi Y. Rabins M. J. Auslander D. M. 1970 Control and dynamic systems Addison-Wesley Reading, MA. 800
- Beaman J. J. Breedveld P. C. 1988 Physical modeling with Eulerian frames and bond graphs. Transactions of the ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurements, and Control 110 182 188
- Bubenheim D. L. Bugbee B. Salisbury F. B. 1988 Radiation in controlled environments: influence of lamp type and filter material. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 113 468 474
- Reynolds J. F. Acock B. 1985 Modeling approaches for evaluating vegetation responses to carbon dioxide concentration 34 51 Strain B. R. Cure J. D. Direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation. DOE/ER-0238. United States Department of Energy Washington, D. C.
- Wann M. Raper C. D. Jr. Lucas II. L. Jr. 1978 A dynamic model for plant growth: a simulation of dry matter accumulation for tobacco. Photosynthetica 12 121 136
- Cheremisinoff N. P. 1982 Fluid flow: pumps, pipes, and channels. Ann Arbor Science Ann Arbor, MI. 702
- Gates D. M. Papian L. E. 1971 Atlas of energy budgets of plant leaves. Academic Press New York
- Bradley E. F. Finnigan J. J. 1973 Heat and mass transfer in the plant-air continuum. Proceedings of the first Australasian conference on heat and mass transfer Monash University, Melbourne Australia
- Jones H. G. 1983 Plants and microclimate: a quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology Cambridge Univ. Press London 323
- Nobel P. S. 1983 Biophysical plant physiology and ecology. W. H. Freeman San Francisco 608
- Charles-Edwards D. A. Doley D. Rimmington G. M. 1986 Modelling plant growth and development Academic Press Sydney
- Bugbee B. G. Salisbury F. B. 1988 Exploring the limits of crop productivity: I. Photosynthetic efficiency of wheat in high irradiance environments. Plant Physiology 88 869 878