This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Autoignition of n-Butane/lsobutane Blends in a Knock Research Engine
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Experiments were conducted using a single cylinder, spark ignition research engine to examine the effect of the branched chain alkane isobutane (RON 102) on the autoignition chemistry of straight chain n-butane (RON 94), Isobutane was added in increasing quantities from 10 to 48% by volume. Measurement of cylinder pressure and the analysis of end gas species were used as diagnostics to determine the knock point and ascertain the end gas reactivity. Increasing the amount of isobutane suppressed the chemical reactivity, decreased the knock intensity, and delayed the time to autoignition. Examination of the chemical species in the end gas suggests that (i) low temperature chemical reactions are occurring; and (ii) increasing the amounts of isobutane in the fuel mixture leads to higher yields of propene and chain terminating methyl radicals.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Phenomena that Determine Knock Onset in Spark-Ignition Engines |
Technical Paper | Knock Threshold Detection in Turbocharged Gasoline Engine Using EEMD and Bispectrum |
Technical Paper | Pressure-Based Knock Measurement Issues |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Henig, Y., Addagarla, S., Miller, D., Wilk, R. et al., "Autoignition of n-Butane/lsobutane Blends in a Knock Research Engine," SAE Technical Paper 890157, 1989, https://doi.org/10.4271/890157.Also In
References
- Agnew W.G. “Room at the Piston Top: Contributions of Combustion Science to Engine Design,” Twentieth Symp. (lnt'l.) Combustion The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 1 1984
- Affleck W.S. Fish A. “Knock: Flame Acceleration or Spontaneous ignition,” Combustion and Flame 12 243 1968
- Smith J.R. Green R.M. Westbrook C.K. Pitz W.J. “Experimental and Modeling Study of Engine Knock,” Twentieth Symp. (Int'l.) Combustion The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 9 1984
- Najt P.M. “Evaluating Threshold Knock with a Semi-Empiricai Model-Initial Results,” SAE Paper No. 872149 1987
- Downs D. Walsh A.D. Wheeler R.W. “A Study of Reactions that Lead to Knock in the Spark Ignition Engine,” Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society London A243 462 1951
- Downs D. Street J.C. Wheeler R.W. “Cool Flame Formation in a Motored Engine,” Fuel 32 279 1953
- Walcutt C. Mason J.M. Rifkin E.B. “Effect of Preflame Oxidation Reactions on Engine Knock,” Ind. and Eng. Chem. 46 529 1954
- Pahnke A.J. Cohen P.M. Sturgis B.M. “Preflame Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in a Motored Engine,” Ind. and Enq. Chem. 46 1024 1954
- Pipenberg K.J. Pahnke A.J. “Spectrometric Investigations of n-Heptane Preflame Reactions in a Motored Engine,” Ind. and Eng. Chem. 49 2067 1957
- McKay G. “The Gas-Phase Oxidations of Hydrocarbons,” Prog. Energy Comb. Sci. 3 105 1977
- Pollard R.T. “Hydrocarbons,” Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics Bamford C.H. Tipper C.F.H. 17 249 1977
- Benson S.W. “The Kinetics and Thermochemistry of Chemical Oxidation with Application to Combustion and Flames,” Prog. Energy Comb. Sci. 7 125 1981
- Wilk R.D. “Preignition Oxidation Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fuels,” Ph.D. Thesis Drexel University 1986
- Lignola P.G. Reverchon E. “Cool Flames,” Prog. Energy Comb. Sci. 13 75 1987
- Halstead M.P. Kirsch L.J. Prothero A. Quinn C.P. “A Mathematical Model for Hydrocarbon Autoignition at High Pressures,” Proc. Royal Society London A346 515 1975
- Halstead M.P. Kirsch L.J. Quinn C.P. “The Autoignition of Hydrocarbon Fuels at High Temperatures and Pressures-Fitting of a Mathematical Model,” Combustion and Flame 30 45 1977
- Hu H. Keck J. “Autoignition of Adiabatically Compressed Combustible Gas Mixtures,” SAE Paper No. 872110
- Westbrook C.K. Dryer F.L. “Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Hydrocarbon Combustion,” Prog. Energy Comb. Sci. 10 1 1984
- Westbrook C.K. Pitz W.J. “A Comprehensive Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanism for Oxidation and Pyrolysis of Propane and Propene,” Comb. Sci. Tech. 37 117 1984
- Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. Proscia W.M. Dryer F.L. “A Comprehensive Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanism for the Oxidation of n-Butane,” Twentieth Symp. (Int'l.) Combustion The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 831 1984
- Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “Chemical Kinetics of the High Pressure Oxidation of n-Butane and Its Relation to Engine Knock,” Combustion and Flame 63 113 1986
- Kaiser E.W. Westbrook C.K. Pitz W.J. “Acetaldehyde Oxidation in the Negative Temperature Coefficient Regime: Experimental and Modeling Results,” Int. J. Chem. Kin. 18 655 1986
- Wilk R.D. Cernansky N.P. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “Propene Oxidation at Low and Intermediate Temperatures: A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Study,” Combustion and Flame 1989
- Pitz W.J. Wilk R.D. Westbrook C.K. Cemansky N.P. “The Oxidation of n-Butane at Low and Intermediate Temperatures: An Experimental and Modeling Study,” paper no. WSSCI 88-51 Spring Meeting of the Western States Section/The Combustion Institute Salt Lake City, UT 21-22 March (1988)
- Leppard W.R. “A Detailed Chemical Kinetics Simulation of Engine Knock,” Comb. Sci. Tech. 43 1 1985
- Pitz W.J. Leppard W.R. Westbrook C.K. “Autoignition Chemistry of n-Butane in a Motored Engine: A Comparison of Experimental and Modeling Results,” SAE Paper No. 881605 1988
- Dimpelfeid P.M. Foster D.E. “The Prediction of Autoignition in a Spark-Ignited Engine,” SAE Paper No. 841337 1984
- Cernansky N.P. Green R.M. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “Chemistry of Fuel Oxidation Preceding End Gas Autoignition,” Comb. Sci. Tech. 50 3 1986
- Green R.M. Cernansky N.P. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “The Role of Low Temperature Chemistry in the Autoignition of n-Butane,” SAE Paper No. 872108 1987
- Green R.M. Parker CD. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “The Autoignition of Isobutane in a Knocking Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Paper No. 870169 1987
- Ma A.S.C. Moore N.P. “Autoignition and Knock Characteristics of Benzene-n-Heptane-Air Mixtures,” Combustion and Flame 10 245 1966
- Moore F. Tipper C.F.H. “The Effect of Additives on Low-Temperature Hydrocarbon ignition in a Flow System,” Combustion and Flame 19 81 1972
- Cullis C.F. Fish A. Gibson J.F. “The Spontaneous Ignition of Mixtures of n-Heptane and 1-Heptene in Oxygen,” Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A311 253 1969
- Cullis C.F. Foster C.D. “Studies of the Spontaneous Ignition in Air of Binary Hydrocarbon Mixtures,” Combustion and Flame 23 347 1974
- Brezinsky K. Dryer F.L. “A Flow Reactor Study of the Oxidation of Iso-butylene and an Iso-bulylene/n-Octane Mixture,” Comb. Sci. Tech. 45 225 1986
- Wilk R.D. Cernansky N.P. Okada H. “Preignition Characteristics of Higher Hydrocarbon Fuels,” paper no. WSS/JS 87-24 Joint Meeting of the Western States and Japanese Sections of the Combustion Institute Honolulu, HI 1987
- Brezinsky K. Dryer F.L. “Molecular Structure and Component Blending Effects on Knock Related Chemistry,” SAE Paper No. 872109 1987
- Wilk R.D. Koert D.N. Cernansky N.P. “Fuel Structure and Blending Effects on Autoignition,” paper no. WSSCI 88-52 Spring Meeting of the Western States Section/The Combustion Institute Salt Lake City, UT 21-22 March (1988)
- Salooja K.C. “lgnition Behaviours of Mixtures of Hydrocarbons,” Combustion and Flame 12 597 1968
- Wilk R.D. Cohen R.S. Cernansky N.P. “Ignition Studies of Dodecane and Binary Mixtures of Dodecane and Tetralin,” Twentieth Symp, (Int'l.) Combustion The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 187 1984
- Obert E.F. Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution Harper and Row New York 1973
- Leppard W.R. “The Autoignition Chemistry of n-Butane: An Experimental Study,” SAE Paper No. 872150 1987
- Griffiths J.F. Nimmo W. “Spontaneous Ignition and Engine Knock Under Rapid Compression,” Combustion and Flame 60 215 1985
- Franck J. Griffiths J.F. Nimmo W. “The Control of Spontaneous Ignition Under Rapid Compression,” Twenty First Symp, (Int'l.) Combustion The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 447 1986
- Proscia W.M. Dryer F.L. “Evaluation of a Multiple-Step Overall Kinetic Mechanism for n-Butane Oxidation,” paper no. WSSCI 83-23 Spring Meeting of the Western States Section/The Combustion Institute 11-12 April (1983)
- Cathonnet M. Boettner J.C. James H. “Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of High Temperature Oxidation of Propane and n-Butane,” Eighteenth Symp (Int'l,) Combustion The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 903 1981
- Dechaux J.C. Flament J.L. Lucquin M. “Negative Temperature Coefficient in the Oxidation of Butane and Other Hydrocarbons,” Combustion and Flame 17 205 1971
- Wilk R.D. Cernansky N.P. Cohen R.S. “Transition in the Oxidation Chemistry of n-Butane From Low to Intermediate Temperatures,” paper no. WSSCI 85-31 Fall Meeting of the Western States Section/The Combustion Institute Davis, CA 21-22 October (1985)
- Leppard W.R. “The Autoignition Chemistry of isobutane: A Motored-Engine Study,” SAE Paper No. 881606 1988
- Proscia W.M. “High Temperature Flow Experiments and Multiple-Step Overall Kinetic Mechanisms for the Oxidation of High Carbon Number Paraffin Hydrocarbons,” MS Thesis Princeton University 1983
- Caprio V. Insola A. Lignola P.G. “Isobutane Cool Flames in a CSTR: The Behavior Dependence on Temperature and Residence Time,” Combustion and Flame 43 23 1981
- Falconer J.W. Hoare D.E. Savaya Z. “Peroxides in Cool Flames of Isobutane,” Combustion and Flame 52 257 1983
- Luckett G.A. Pollard R.T. “The Gaseous Oxidation of Isobutane (Part 1),” Combustion and Flame 21 265 1973
- Wilk R.D. Miller D.L. Cernansky N.P. “An Experimental Study of Isobutane Oxidation at Transition Temperatures,” paper no. WSSCi 86-32 Fall Meeting of the Western States Section/The Combustion Institute Tucson, AZ 27-28 October (1986)
- Ferguson C.R. Green R.M. Lucht R.P. “Unburned Gas Temperatures in an internal Combustion Engine: II. Heat Release Computations,” Comb. Sci. Tech. 5 63 1987