This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Autoignition Chemistry of Isobutane: A Motored Engine Study
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Isobutane autoignition chemistry was examined in a motored, single-cylinder engine by measuring stable intermediate species, performing heat release analyses, and measuring visible emissions. The engine was motored at speeds of 600 and 1600 r/min, and compression ratio was varied to affect different levels of chemical activity.
At 1600 r/min, species measurements, heat release and visible emissions all exhibited a “negative-temperature” coefficient region; thus, “intermediate-temperature” chemistry controls autoignition at 1600 r/min. By implication, classic “low-temperature” chemistry controls at 600 r/min. Experimental measurements are compared with isobutane literature values, with previous n-butane results, and specific isobutane autoignition chemistry is discussed an light of the measurements.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Leppard, W., "The Autoignition Chemistry of Isobutane: A Motored Engine Study," SAE Technical Paper 881606, 1988, https://doi.org/10.4271/881606.Also In
References
- Leppard W.R. “A Detailed Chemical Kinetics Simulation of Engine Knock” Combust. Sci. Tech. 43 1 20 1985
- Smith J.R. Green R.M. Westbrook C.K. Pitz W.J. “An Experimental and Modeling Study of Engine Knock” Twentieth Symposium (International) on Combustion 91 100 The Combustion Institute 1984
- Cernansky N.P. Green R.M. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “Chemistry of Fuel Oxidation Preceding End-Gas Autoignition” Comb. Sci. and Tech. 50 3 25 1986
- Green R.M. Parker C.D. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “The Autoignition of Isobutane in a Knocking Spark Ignition Engine” SAE Paper 870169 Detroit, Michigan 1987
- Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “Chemical Kinetics of the High Pressure Oxidation of n-Butane and Its Relation to Engine Knock” Combust. Flame 63 113 133 1986
- Green R.M. Cernansky N.P. Pitz W.J. Westbrook C.K. “The Role of Low Temperature Chemistry in the Autoignition of N-Butane” SAE Paper 872108 Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1987
- Pitz W.J. Leppard W.R. Westbrook C.K. “Autoignition Chemistry of n-Butane in a Motored Engine: A Comparison of Experimental and Modeling Results” SAE Paper to be presented Portland, Oregon 1988
- Westbrook O.K. Pitz W.J. “Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Autoignition Chemistry” SAE Paper 872107 Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1987
- Leppard W.R. “The Autoignition Chemistry of n-Butane: An Experimental Study” SAE Paper 872150 Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1987
- “Reference Data for Hydrocarbons and Petro-Sulfur Compounds” Bulletin No. 521 Phillips Petroleum Company 1984
- Lipari F. Swarin S.J. “Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes in Automobile Exhaust with an Improved 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method” J. Chromatog. 247 297 306 1982
- Cullis C.F. Newitt E.J. “The Gaseous Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols. I. Ethyl Alcohol: The Products Formed in the Early Stages” Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A. 237 530 542 1956
- Flowers M.C. Parker R.M. “Kinetics of the Thermal Gas Phase Reactions of l,2-Epoxy-2-methylpropane” Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 3 443 452 1971
- Levedahl W.J. Howard F.L. “Two-Stage Autoignition of Some Hydrocarbons” Ind. Eng. Chem. 43 2805 2814 1951
- Cornelius W. Caplan J.D. “Some Effects of Fuel Structure, Tetraethyl Lead, and Engine Deposits on Precombustion Reactions in a Firing Engine” SAE Quart. Trans. 6 488 510 1952
- Rifkin E.B. Walcutt C. Betker G.W. “Early Combustion Reactions in Engine Operation” SAE Trans. 6 472 487 1952
- Barnard J.A. Brench A.W. “The Combustion of Isobutane at Temperatures Between 280 and 365C” Combust. Sci. Tech. 15 243 262 1977
- Malmberg E.W. Smith M.L. Bigler J.E. Bobbitt J.A. “A Study of Cool Flames and Associated Reactions in an Engine” Fifth Symposium (International) on Combustion 385 392 The Combustion Institute 1954
- Baker R.R. Baldwin R.R. Walker R.W. “Addition of I-Butane to Slowly Reacting Mixtures of Hydrogen and Oxygen at 480C.” J.C.S. Faraday I 74 2229 2251 1978
- Baker R.R. Baldwin R.R. Walker R.W. “The Use of the H2 + O2 Reaction in Determining the Velocity Constants of Elementary Reactions in Hydrocarbon Oxidation” Thirteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion 191 299 The Combustion Institute 1970
- Barnard J.A. Handscombe R.D. “Elementary Steps in Hydrocarbon Combustion: The Reactions of Butylperoxy Radicals” Combustion Institute European Symposium 82 87 1973
- Atherton J.G. Brown A.J. Luckett G.A. Pollard R.T. “Heterogeneity and Mechanism in Hydrocarbon Oxidation” Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion 513 523 The Combustion Institute 1973
- Batten J.J. Gardner H.J. Ridge M.J. “The Low-Temperature Oxidation of Isobutane. The Progressive Accumulation of Products and Consumption of Reagents.” J. Chem. Soc. 3029 3036 1955
- Bell K.M. McDowell C.A. “Mercury-Photosensitized Oxidations of Hydrocarbons: Part II. The Mercury-Photosensitized Oxidations of Isobutane” Can. J. Chem. 39 1424 1433 1961
- Bose A.N. “The Oxidation of Isobutane” Trans. Faraday. Soc. 55 778 783 1959
- Caprio V. Insola A. Lignola P.G. “Isobutane Cool Flames in a CSTR: The Behavior Dependence on Temperature and Residence Time” Combust. Flame 43 23 33 1981
- Cullis C.F. Fish A. Trimm D.L. “Alkylperoxy Radical Rearrangement During the Gaseous Oxidation of Isobutane” Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A 273 427 434 1963
- Falconer J.W. Hoare D.E. Savaya Z. “Peroxides in Cool Flames of Isobutane” Combust. Flame 52 257 267 1983
- Falconer J.W. Hoare D.E. Savaya Z.F. “Radical Reactions in the Combustion of Isobutane between 280 C and 340 C” Oxid. Comm. 4 299 315 1983
- Hay J. Knox J.H. Turner J.M.C. “Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Processes in the Gas-Phase Oxidation of Isobutane and Isobutene” Tenth Symposium (International) on Combustion 331 340 The Combustion Institute 1965
- Luckett G.A. Pollard R.T. “The Gaseous Oxidation of Isobutane (Part I)” Combust. Flame 21 265 274 1973
- McKay G. Norrie K.M. Poots V.J.P. Turner J.M.C. “Diffusion Processes in the Slow Oxidation of Isobutane” Combust. Flame 25 219 227 1975
- McKay G. Aga J.A. “Product Formation in the Slow Oxidation of Isobutane” Combust. Flame 40 221 224 1981
- Sawerysyn J.P. Van de Steene M. Lucquin M. “Sur la Theorie Olefinique: Cas de l'oxydation lente de basse Temperature de l'isobutane” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 272 264 266 1971
- Taylor G.W. “Peroxides in the Combustion of Isobutane” Can. J. Chem. 36 1213 1216 1958
- Wilk R.D. Miller D.L. Cernansky N.P. “An Experimental Study of Isobutane Oxidation at Transition Temperatures” Paper No. WSSCI-86-32 Western States Section The Combustion Institute 1986
- Zeelenberg A.P. Bickel “Slow Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in the Gas Phase. Part I. Reactions during the Induction Period of Isobutane Oxidation” J, Chem. Soc. 4014 4019 1961
- Griffiths J.F. Nimmo W. “Spontaneous Ignition and Engine Knock under Rapid Compression” Combust. Flame 60 215 218 1985
- Griffiths J.F. Nimmo W. “Novel Experimental Investigation of Spontaneous Ignition of Gaseous Hydrocarbons” Nature 323 46 47 1986
- Franck J. Griffiths J.F. Nimmo W. “The Control of Spontaneous Ignition under Rapid Compression” Twenty First Symposium (International) on Combustion Munich, West Germany 1986
- Proscia W.M. “High Temperature Flow Experiments and Multiple Step Overall Kinetic Mechanisms for the Oxidation of High Carbon Number Paraffin Hydrocarbons” MS Thesis Princeton University 1983
- Evans G.A. Walker R.W. “Reaction of t-Butyl Radicals with Hydrogen and Oxygen” JCS - Faraday Trans. 75 1458 1464 1979
- Fish A. “The Non-Isothermal Oxidation of 2-Methylpentane II. The Chemistry of Cool Flames” Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A 298 204 237 1967
- Ray D.J.M. Waddington D.J. “Gas Phase Oxidation of Alkenes - Part II. The Oxidation of 2-Methylbutene-2 and 2,3-Dimethylbutene-2” Combust. Flame 21 327 334 1973