This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Effect of Ground Proximity on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the STOL Aircraft
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The aerodynamics of the STOL aircraft can experience significant changes in proximity to the ground. A review of the existing data base and methodologies has been made and the results of that review are presented in this paper. The existing data show that in ground proximity the STOL aircraft will generally experience a reduction in the lift component regardless of the lifting configuration. Those configurations with integrated power and lift systems will have an additional effect of ground induced aerodynamic changes. This paper will discuss the existing data base and the deficiencies of that data base.
Authors
Citation
Stewart, V., "Effect of Ground Proximity on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the STOL Aircraft," SAE Technical Paper 872308, 1987, https://doi.org/10.4271/872308.Also In
References
- Kuhn R. E. “V/STOL and Stol Ground Effects and Testing Techniques” “Proceedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research Center's Ground Effects Workshop” 1 146 August 1985
- “Proceedings of the NASA Ames Research Center's Ground Vortex Workshop” April 1987
- Stewart, V. R. “The Characteristics of the Ground Vortex and it's Effect on the Aerodynamic of the STOL Configuration” “Proceedings of the NASA Ames Research Center's Ground Vortex Workshop” April 1987
- Stewart, V. R. Kuhn, R. E. “A Method for Estimating the Propulsion-Induced Aerodynamic Characteristics of STOL Aircraft in Ground Effect” Aug. 1983
- Stewart, V. R. Kuhn, R. E. Walters, M. M. “Characteristics of the Ground Vortex Developed by Various V/STOL Jets at Forward Speed” AIAA Paper 83-2494 Oct. 1983
- Stewart, V. R. Kuhn, R. E. Walters, M. M. “A Method for Estimating The Propulsion Induced Aerodynamic Characteristics of STOL Aircraft in Ground Effect” AIAA Paper 83-0169 Jan. 1983
- Colin, P. E. Olivari, D. “The impingement of Circular Jet Normal to a Flat Surface with and without Cross Flow” von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics Rhode-St., Genese, Belgium Jan. 1969
- Schwantes, E. “The Recirculation Flow Field of a VTOL Lifting Engine” June 1973
- Abbott, W. A. “Studies of Flow Fields Created by Vertical and Inclined Jets Moving over a Horizontal Surface” 1967
- Weber, H. A. Gay, A. “VTOL Reingestiom Model Testing of Fountain Control and Wind Effects” Prediction for V/STOL Propulsion Aerodynamics, NASA 1 358 380 1975
- Cimbala, J. M. Stinebring, D. R. Treaster, A. L. Billet, M. L. “Experimental Investigation of a Jet impinging on a Ground Plane in the Presence of a Cross Flow” March 1987
- “Moving Model Over a Fixed Ground Board with a Four Degree Ramp and a Flat Section” NASA Langley Research Center 1986
- Vogier, R. D. “Ground Effects on Single and Multiple Jet VTOL Models at Transition Speeds over Stationary and Moving Ground Planes” Jan. 1966
- Hall, G. R. Rogers, K. H. “Recirculation Effects Produced by a Pair of Heated Jets impinging on a Ground Plane” 1969
- Viehweger, G. “Mutual Interference Between Propulsion Jets and Interference with the Fuselage, Wing, and Ground” DFVLR, European Space Agency ESA-TT-206, Practical Problems on the Longitudinal and Cross-Blown Free Jets” 123 165 1974
- Margason, R. J. Vogler, R. D. Winston, M. M. “Wind Tunnel Investigation at Low Speeds of a Model of the Kestrel (XV-6A) Vectored Thrust V/STOL Airplane” July 1972
- Stewart, V. R. “Low Speed Wind Tunnel Test of Ground Proximity and Deck Edge on a Lift Cruise Fan V/STOL Configuration” May 1979
- Yip, L. P. Paulson, J. W. “Effects of Deflected Thrust on the Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Close-Coupled Wing-Canard Configuration” Dec 1977
- Stewart, V. R. Kemmerly, G. T. “Effects of Ground Proximity on a Low Aspect Ratio Propulsive Wing/Canard Configuration” NASA. Ames Research Center, Workshop on Ground Effects Aug. 1885
- Stewart, V. R. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Propulsive Wing/Canard Concept at STOL Speeds” Nov. 1985
- Stewart, V. R. “Low Speed Wind Tunnel Test of a Propulsive Wing Canard Concept in the STOL Configuration” NASA Contractor Report
- Williams, J. Butler, S. F. J Wood, M. N. “The Aerodynamics of Jet Flaps;, RAE R & m 3304 Jan. 1961
- Butler, S. F. J. Moy, B. A. Hutchins, G. D. “Low-Speed Tunnel Tests of an Aspect-Ratio 9 Jet-Flap Model With Ground Simulation by Moving-Belt Rig, C.P. 849 1966
- Butler, S. F. J. Guyett, M. B. Moy, B. A. “Six Component Low-Speed Tunnel Tests of Jet-Flap Complete Models with Variation of Aspect Ratio, Dihedral, and Sweepback, Including the Influence of Ground Proximity”” 1961
- Turner, T. R. “Endless Belt Technique For Ground Simulation” 435 446 April 1966
- Turner, T. R. “A Moving Belt Ground Plane for Wind Tunnel Ground Simulation and Results for Two Jet Flap Configurations” Nov. 1967
- Hackett, J. E. Boles, R. E. Lilley, D. E. “Ground Simulation and Tunnel Blockage for a Jet Flapped, Basic STOL Model Testing to Very High Lift Coefficient” March 1976
- Unpublished NASA LaRC Jet Flap Data Unswept Wing of Aspect Ratio 8, Jet Flap Spans of 1/2, 2/3, and Full Wing Spans
- Vogler, R. D. Turner, T. R. “Wind Tunnel Investigation at Low Speeds to Determine Flow Field Characteristics and Ground Influence on a Model with Jet Augmented Flaps” Sept. 1957
- McCormick, B. W., Jr. “Aerodynamic of V/STOL Flight” Academic Press 1967
- Vogler, R. D. “Wind Tunnel Investigation of Four Engine Externally Blowing Jet Flap STOL Airplane Model” Dec 1970
- “Upper Surface Blowing Configuration” Boeing Report D748-100374
- Parks, E. K. “Flight Test Measurements of Ground Effect for Powered Lift STOL Airplanes” Dec. 1977
- Stevens, V. C. Wingrove, R. C. “STOL Ground Effect Determined From Flight Data” AIAA Paper 77-576 June 1977
- Turner, R. T. “Ground Influence on a Model Airfoil with a Jet Augmented Flap as Determined by Two Techniques” Feb. 1961
- Campbell, J. P. Hassell, J. L. Jr. Thomas, J. L. “Recent Research on Powered-Lift STOL Ground Effects” AIAA/NASA Ames V/STOL Conference, “Collection of Papers” 47 56 June 1977