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Canard Certification Loads — A Review of FAA Concerns
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English
Abstract
Since the first airplane was certified in 1927, the standard configuration has been with the main lifting surface or surfaces forward of the stabilizing surface. Although some of the advantages of the canard configuration were recognized quite early - by the Wright Brothers, for example - canard surfaces have been used to date only as additional control surfaces on some military airplanes, and on some amateur built airplanes.
As a result, the Airworthiness Regulations of Reference 1 address only tail aft configurations. When FAA was first approached regarding certification of a canard configured small airplane, an FAA/Industry Empennage Loads Working Group was formed to develop technical proposals for the necessary rule changes and policy. The concerns addressed by this working group are discussed in the following sections.
Authors
Citation
Barnes, T. and Gabriel, E., "Canard Certification Loads — A Review of FAA Concerns," SAE Technical Paper 871847, 1987, https://doi.org/10.4271/871847.Also In
References
- Federal Aviation Administration “Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility and Acrobatic Category Airplanes”
- NASA TN D-6142 “Vortex-Lattice Fortran Program for Estimating Subsonic Aerodynamic Characteristics of Complex Platforms” Margason R.J. Lamar J.E. NASA Langley Research Center Feb 1971
- AIAA Paper 81-0252 “Prediction of Subsonic Aerodynamic Characteristics: A Case for Low-Order Panel Methods” Maskew Brian Analytical Methods, Inc. Redmond, WA
- AIAA-85-0280 “Subsonic Panel Methods - A Comparison of Several Production Codes” Margason Richard J. Kjelgaard Scott O. Sellers William L. III Morris Charles E.K. Jr. NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA Walkley Kenneth B. Shields E. William Kentron International, Inc.