This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Critical Limitations on Significant Factors in Head Injury Research
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The response of the head to blunt impact was investigated using anesthetized live and repressurized- and unrepressurized-postmortem Rhesus. The stationary test subject was struck on the occipital by a 10 kg guided moving impactor. The impactor striking surface was fitted with padding to vary the contact force-time characteristics. A nine-accelerometer system, rigidly affixed to the skull, measured head motion. Transducers placed at specific points below the skull recorded epidural pressure. The repressurization of postmortem subjects included repressurization of both the vascular and cerebrospinal systems. The results of the tests demonstrate that: 1) Head impact and injury response are complex phenomena and require careful attention to the experimental techniques used to obtain the impact data as well as the interpretation of the results; 2) A set of initial conditions has been found such that the repressurized-postmortem Rhesus was more similar in head impact response to the anesthetized Rhesus than was the unrepressurized-postmortem Rhesus (in terms of the transfer function relationships between tangential acceleration and epidural pressure; 3) In terms of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the medulla-pons area associated with skull fracture, the repressurized-postmortem and anesthetized Rhesus were similar in injury response; 4) The initial position of the head-neck system was a critical factor associated with the brain-cerebrospinal fluid system's response to head impact; 5) The thermodynamic response (fluid vaporization) of the head-brain system was an important consideration when the impact produced significant tension; and 6) No relationships could be found between injury and negative pressures equal to one atmosphere.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Nusholtz, G., Kaiker, P., and Lehman, R., "Critical Limitations on Significant Factors in Head Injury Research," SAE Technical Paper 861890, 1986, https://doi.org/10.4271/861890.Also In
References
- Atluri, S. Kobayashi, A.S. Cheng, J.S. 1975 Brain Tissue Fragility - A Finite Strain Analysis by Hybrid Finite-Element Method Journal of Applied Mechanics 42 269 273 June
- Bishop, R.L. Goldberg, S.I. 1968 Tensor Analysis on Manifolds New York MacMillan
- Cartan, E. 1946 Lecons sur la Geometrie des Espaces de Rieman Second Edition Paris Gautheir Villars
- Esbach, O.W. Souders, M. 1975 Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals NY John Wiley and Sons 488
- Ewing, C.L. et al. 1975 The Effect of the Initial Position of the Head and Neck on the Dynamic Response of the Human Head and Neck to -Gx Impact Acceleration 19th Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc.
- Flexner, L.B. Weed, L.H. 1983 Note on Cerebrospinal Elasticity in a Chimpanzee Am. J. Physiol. 105 571 573
- Granger, R.A. 1985 Fluid Mechanics NY Holt, Rinehart and Winston 281
- Harris, C.M. Crede, C.E. 1976 Shock and Vibration Handbook New York McGraw- Hill Book Company
- Hashizume, K. 1972 A Study of the Experimental Brain Injury Brain and Nerve 14 991 1002
- Nusholtz, G.S. 1985 Critical Factors in Head Injury Research Head Injury Prevention - Past and Present Harbo
- Nusholtz, G.S. Bender, M. Kaiker, P.S. 1986 Photogrammetric Techniques Using High-Speed Cineradiography Optical Engineering 25 6 791 798
- Nusholtz, G.S. Melvin, J.W. Alem, N.M. 1979 Head Impact Response Comparisons of Human Surrogates 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc. 17-19 October San Diego, Calif. 499 541 SAE Paper No. 791020
- Nusholtz, G.S. et al. 1981 Response of the Cervical Spine to Superior-Inferior Head Impact 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference Proc. 197 237
- Nusholtz, G.S. et al. 1984 Head Impact Response-Skull Deformation and Angular Accelerations 28th Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc. 41 74
- Nusholtz, G.S. et al. 1986 Evaluation of Experimental Techniques in Head Injury Research Final Report, UMTRI-86-30. DOT-NHTSA Contract No. DTNH22-83-C-07095
- Nusholtz, G.S. Ward, C.C. 1986 Comparison of Epidural Pressure in Live Anesthetized and Postmortem Primates Journal of Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine
- Ommaya, A.K. et al. 1967 Scaling of Experimental Data on Cerebral Concussion in Sub-Human Primates to Concussion Threshold for Man 11th Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc. 45 52
- Ommaya, A.K. 1973 Head Injury Mechanisms Final Report Contract No. DOT-HS-081-1-1061A U. S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, D.C.
- O'Neill, B. 1967 Elementary Differential Geometry New York Academic Press
- Portnoy, H.D. et al. 1970 Intracranial Pressure and Head Acceleration During Whiplash 14th Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc. 152 168 SAE Paper No. 700900
- Saczalski, K.J. 1976 A Critical Assessment of the Use of Non-Human Surrogates for Safety System Evaluation 20th Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc. 159 187
- Schweitzer, D.H. Szebehely, V.G. 1950 Gas Evolution in Liquids and Cavitation J. of Applied Physics 21 1218 1224 Dec.
- Smith, R.W. 1979 The Response of Unembalmed Cadaveric and Living Cerebral Vessels to Graded Injury - A Pilot Study 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conf. Proc. 543 560 SAE Paper No. 791021
- Stoker, J.J. 1969 Differential Geometry New York Wiley Intersciences
- Symon, L. 1967 A Comparative Study of Middle Cerebral Pressure in Dogs and Macaques Journal of Physiol 191 449 465
- Thomas, D.J. Robbins, D.H. Eppinger, R.H. King, A.I. Hubbard, R.P. 1974 Guidelines for the Comparison of Human and Human Analogue Biomechanical Data A report of an ad hoc committee Ann Arbor, Michigan December 6
- Unterharnscheidt, F. Higgins, L.S. 1969 Traumatic Lesions of Brain and Spinal Cord Due to Non-deforming Angular Accelerations of the Head Texas Report on Biol. and Med. 27 127 166
- Weed, L.H. Flexner, L.B. 1932 Cerebrospinal Elasticity in the Cat and Macaques American Journal of Physiol 101 668 667
- Wiggert, D.C. Sundquist, M.J. 1979 The Effect of Gaseous Cavitation on Fluid Transients J. of Fluid Engineering 101 79 88 March
- Wylie, E.B. Streeter, V.L. 1985 edition Fluid Transients Ann Arbor, MI FEB Press 12 13 136 155