This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Abdominal Trauma-Review, Response, and Criteria
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
As an aid to designing an abdominal insert for anthropomorphic dummies, a study of abdominal trauma factors has been made. Questions regarding human impact response and tolerance were answered within the framework of primate scaling. Results of subhuman primate impacts and primate anthropometry were combined to produce injury criteria for frontal and lateral abdominal impacts. Impact response for the frontal and lateral directions was also defined for humans. The primate impact data used in the study was obtained in the early 1970's in laboratory tests utilizing a specially designed “air gun”. This test set up emphasizes reproducibility and control. Human lateral abdominal impact data first published by Walfisch et al., in 1980 were reanalyzed and used to check the primate scaling. Significant differences in impact injury tolerances for various abdominal locations were noted and detailed. As a result of these analyses little difference was noted in the force-penetration response as a function of impact location. A design envelope is proposed which can be used in the development of a dummy abdomen, and an injury criterion first suggested by Viano and Lau in 1983 is validated against the set of data analyzed here.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AUTOMOBILE HEAD RESTRAINTS |
| Technical Paper | Dynamic Response of the Spine During +Gx Acceleration |
Authors
Citation
Stalnaker, R. and Ulman, M., "Abdominal Trauma-Review, Response, and Criteria," SAE Technical Paper 851720, 1985, https://doi.org/10.4271/851720.Also In
References
- Beckman, D.L. McElhaney, J.H. Roberts, V.L. Stalnaker, R.L. “Impact Tolerance - Abdominal Injury,” NTIS No. PB204171 1971
- McElhaney, J.H. Stalnaker, R.L. Roberts, V.L. Snyder, R.G. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria,” 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceeding's 1971 489 517
- Stalnaker, R.L. McElhaney, J.H. Snyder, R.G. Roberts, V.L. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria,” NTIS No. PB203721 1971
- Stalnaker, R. L. Roberts, V.L. McElhaney, J.H. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria,” NTIS No. PB225000 1973
- Stalnaker, R.L. Roberts, V.L. McElhaney, J.H. “Side Impact Tolerance to Blunt Trauma,” 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceeding's 1973b 843 872
- Trollope, M.L. Stalnaker, R.L. McElhaney, J.H. et al. “The Mechanism of Injury in Blunt Abdominal Trauma,” Journal of Trauma 13 11 962 970 1973
- Stalnaker, R.L. McElhaney, J.H. Roberts, V.L. Trollope, M.L. “Human Torso Response to Blunt Trauma,” King, W.F. Mertz, H.J. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation New York Plenum Press 1973a 181 198
- Melvin, J.W. Stalnaker, R.L. Roberts, V.L. Trollope, M.L. “Side Impact Response and Injury,” 17th stapp Car Crash conference Proceedings 1973 115 126
- Gogler, E.A. Best, H.H. Braess et al. “Biomechanical Experiments With Animals on Abdominal Tolerance Levels,” 21st Stapp Car Crash conference Proceedings 1977 713 751
- Walfisch et al. “Designing of a Dummy's Abdomen for Detecting Injuries in Side Impact Collisions Fifth International IRCOBI Conference Proceedings 1980 149 169
- Nusholtz, G.S. Melvin, J.W. Mueller, G. et al. “Thoraco-Abdominal Response and Injury,” 24th Stapp Car Crash conference Proceedings 1980 187 228
- Lau, I. Viano, D.C. “Influence of Impact Velocity on the Severity of Nonpenetrating Hepatic Injury,” Journal of Trauma 21 2 115 123 1981a
- Lau, I. Viano, D.C. “An Experimental Study on Hepatic Injury From Belt-Restraint Loading,” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine October 1981 611 617
- Rouhana, S.W. Lau, I.V. Ridella, S.A. Influence of Velocity and Forced Compression on the Severity of Abdominal Injury in Blunt, Nonpenetrating Lateral Impact General Motors Research Publication June 28 1984
- Frey, C.F. Trollope, M.L. Harpster, W. Snyder, R. “A Fifteen Year Experience With Automotive Hepatic Trauma,” Journal of Trauma 13 1039 1049 1973
- Owens, M.P. Wolfman, E.F. Chung, G.K. “The Management of Liver Trauma,” Archives of Surgery 103 211 215 1971
- Hardy, K.J. “Patterns of Liver Injury After Fatal Blunt Trauma,” Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics 134 39 43 1972
- Bates, T. “Abdominal Trauma: A Repor of 129 Cases,” Postgraduate Medical Journal 49 286 292 1973
- Bondy, N. “Abdominal Injuries in National Crash Severity Study,” National Center for Statistics and Analysis Collected Technical Studies, Vol. II: Accident Data Analysis of Occupant Injuries and Crash Characteristics National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, D.C 1980 59 80
- Crosby, W.M. King, A.I. Stout, L.C. “Survival Following Impact: Improvement with Shoulder Harness Restraint,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 112 1101 1106 1972
- Foley, R.w. harris, L.S. Pilcher, D.B. “Abdominal Injuries in Automobile Accidents: Review of Care of Fatally injured Patients,” Journal of Trauma 17 611 615 1976
- Gallup, B.M. St-Laurent, A.M. Newman, J.A. “Abdominal Injuries to Restrained Front seat Occupants in Frontal Collisions,” Proceedings of the 26th Conference of American Association of Automotive Medicine AAAM Morton Grove, Illinois 1982 131 148
- Gertner, H.R. Baker, S.P. Rutherford, R.B. Spitz, W.V. “Evaluation of the Management of Vehicular Fatalities Secondary to Abdominal Injury,” Journal of Trauma 12 425 431 1972
- Grattan, E. Clegg, N.G. “Clinical Causes of Death in Different Categories of Road User,” Proceedings of International Conference on the Biokinet-ics of Impacts IRCOBI Bron, France 1973 73 81
- Huelke, D.F. Lawson, T.E. “Lower Torso Injuries and Automobile Seat Belts,” SAE Paper No. 760370 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA 1976
- Leung, Y.C. Tarriere, C Fayon, A. Mairrese, P. Banzet, P. “An Anti-submarining Scale Determined From Theoretical and Experimental Studies Using Three-dimensional Geometric Definition of the Lap Belt,” Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA 1981 685 729
- Leung, Y.C. et.al. “Submarining Injuries of Three-Point Belted Occupants in Frontal Collisions: Description, Mechanisms and Protection,” Proceedings of the 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA 1982 173 205
- Mueller, W.F. “Nonpenetrating Injury of the Abdomen in landcraft Accidents,” Accident Pathology: Proce edings of an International Conference U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C 1970 196 203
- Walt, A.J. Grifka, T.J. “Blunt Abdominal Injury: A Review of 307 Cases,” Impact Injury and Crash Protection Gurdjian E.S. et al Charles C. Thomas Springfield, Ill. 1970 101 124
- Williams, J.S. Kirkpatrick, J.R. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries,” Journal of Trauma 11 207-218 1971
- The Abbreviated Injury Scale f!980 Revision) American Association for Automotive Medicine Morton Grove, Ill. 1976
- Whittaker, E.T. A Treatise on the Analvticl Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies Cambridge University Press 1965
- Eppinger, R.H. Marcus, J.H. Morgan, R.M. “Development of Dummy and Injury Index for NHTSA's Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program,” SAE Publication No. 840885 , Government/ Industry Meeting and Exposition Washington, D.C May 21-24 1984
- Eppinger, R.H. “Prediction of thoracic Injury Using Measurable Experimental Parameters,” Prceedinqs of the 6th Experimental Safety Vehicle Conference National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, D.C. 1976 770 780