This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fuel Composition Effects on Heavy-Duty Diesel Particulate Emissions
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The effects of fuel composition on diesel exhaust particulate emissions have been studied at several steady-state operating conditions using a heavy-duty laboratory engine. Particulate emissions were influenced by three primary fuel factors: sulfur content, aromatics content, and volatility. At all but lightly loaded operating conditions, fuel sulfur was the dominant fuel factor in particulate formation.
Fuel sulfur affects particulate emissions primarily by formation of sulfate (as sulfuric acid) and associated “bound” water and, to a lesser degree, by increasing the amount of soluble organic material collected. Aromatics and volatility influence the amount of carbonaceous material formed.
Five polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were measured in the soluble organic fraction. Engine operating conditions greatly affected PAH levels; however, no strong influence of fuel composition on PAH concentrations was observed in the normal range of No. 1 - No. 2 diesel fuels.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | A Study on Vibration Characteristics of a Fuel Injection Pump Body |
| Technical Paper | Calculation of the Diesel Fuel Injection Parameters |
Authors
Citation
Wall, J. and Hoekman, S., "Fuel Composition Effects on Heavy-Duty Diesel Particulate Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 841364, 1984, https://doi.org/10.4271/841364.Also In
References
- Burley H. A. Rosebrock T. L. “Automotive Diesel Engines—Fuel Composition Versus Particulates.” SAE Paper 790923 1979
- Bouffard R. A. Beltzer M. “Light-Duty Diesel Particulate Emissions—Fuel and Vehicle Effects.” SAE Paper 811191 1981
- “Diesel Engine Emission Reductions Through Diesel Fuel Specification Modifications,” State of California Air Resources Board, Stationary Sources Division, Draft report August 22 1984
- Gallegos E. J. Green J. W. Lindeman L. P. LeTourneau R. L. Teeter R. M. “Petroleum Group-Type Analysis by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.” Analytical Chemistry 39 14 December 1967 1833 1838
- Johnson K. A. Mr. Senior Technical Advisor, Research and Engineering Cummins Engine Company
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 40: Protection of Environment July 1 1981 504
- “Informational Report on the Measurement and Characterization of Diesel Exhaust Emissions,” Chemical Characterization Panel of the CRC-APRAC Project Group CAPI-1-64 on Composition of Diesel Exhaust Perez J. M. Hills F. J. Schuetzle D. Williams R. L. CRC No. 517 December 1980
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 512
- Williams R. L. Chock D. P. “Characterization of Particulate Exposure,” GM Research Paper No. GMR-3177 EPA International Symposium on Health Effects of Diesel Engine Emissions Cincinnati, Ohio December 3, 1977
- Choudhury D. R. “Characterization of Polycyclic Ketones and Quinones in Diesel Emission Particulates by Gas Spectrometry,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 2 102 1982
- Sonnefeld W. J. Zoller W. H. May W. E. Wise S. A. “On-Line Multidimensional Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Complex Samples,” Analytical Chem. 54 1982
- Schuetzle D. Lee F. S. C Prater T. J. Tejada S. B. “The Identification of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Derivatives in Mutagenic Fractions of Diesel Particulate Extracts,” Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 9 93 1981
- Lee M. L. Wright B. W. “Capillary Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds: A Review,” J. Chromat. Sci. 18 345 1980
- Lee F. S. C Schuetzle D. “Sampling, Extraction, and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Internal Combustion Engines,” in” Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bjorseth A. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York 27 93 1983
- Eisenberg W. C. Schuetzle D. Williams R. L. “Cooperative Evaluation of Methods for the Analysis of PAH in Extracts from Diesel Particulate Emissions,” SAE Paper No. 840414 1984
- “Informational Report on the Measurement of Diesel Particulate Emissions,” Smoke and Particulate Panel of the CRC-APRAC Project Group CAPI-1-64 on Composition of Diesel Exhaust Gross G. P. MacDonald J. S. Shahed S. M. Coordinating Research Council Report No. 522 June 1982
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 628
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 744
- Dietzman H. E. Parness M. Bradow R. L. “Emissions from Trucks by Chassis Version of 1 983 Transient Procedure,” SAE Paper 801371 1980
- Urban C. M. “Dynamometer Simulation of Truck and Bus Road Horsepower for Transient Emission Evaluation,” SAE Paper 840349 1984
- Springer K. J. “Characterization of Sulfates, Odors, Smoke, POM, and Particulates from Light- and Heavy-Duty Engines—Part IX,” Project Report EPA-460/3-79-007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency June 1979
- Khatri N. J. Johnson J. H. Leddy D. G. “The Characterization of the Hydrocarbon and Sulfate Fractions of Diesel Particulate Matter,” SAE Paper 780111 1978
- Truex T. J. Pierson W. R. McKee D. E. “Sulfate in Diesel Exhaust,” Environmental Science and Technology 14 9 1118 1980
- Stokes R. H. Robinson R. A. “Standard Solutions for Humidity Control at 25°C,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 41 2013 1949
- Hare C. T. Baines T. M. “Characterization of Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Two Diesel Automobiles as Functions of Fuel and Driving Cycle,” SAE Paper No. 790424 1979
- Hare C. T. Bradow R. L. “Characterization of Heavy-Duty Diesel Gaseous and Particulate Emissions and Effects of Fuel Composition,” SAE Paper No. 790490 1979
- Mayer W. J. Lechman D. C. Hilden D. L. “The Contribution of Engine Oil to Diesel Exhaust Particulate Emissions,” SAE Paper 800256 1980
- Frisch L. E. Johnson J. H. Leddy D. G. SAE “Effect of Fuels and Dilution Ratio on Diesel Particulate Emissions,” SAE Paper No. 790417 1979
- Funkenbusch E. F. Leddy D. G. Johnson J. H. “The Characterization of the Soluble Organic Fraction of Diesel Particulate Matter,” SAE Paper No. 790418 1979
- Gable P. A. Zweidinger R. Black F. “Passenger Car Exhaust Emission Patterns: Petroleum and Oil Shale Derived Diesel Fuels,” SAE Paper No. 820770 1982
- Zierock K. H. Rothe G. Steppat R. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Particulate Emissions of Three Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper No. 830458 1983
- A. D. Little, Inc. “Evaluation of Filter Media for Quantitative Col lection of Particulate Matter from Engine Exhaust,” EPA Contract No. 68-02-1 21 1 March 1977
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 506
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 504
- Hunter G. Scholl J. Hibbler F. Bagley S. Leddy D. Abata D. Johnson J. “The Effect of an Oxidation Catalyst on the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Character of Diesel Particulate Emissions,” SAE Paper No. 810263 1981
- Spindt R. S. “Air-Fuel Ratios from Exhaust Gas Analysis,” SAE Paper 650507 1965