This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Study of Four Vegetable Oils
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A single-cylinder, 0.36ℓ, D.I. Diesel engine was operated on Diesel fuel, sunflowerseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed comparison of performance and emissions data and to characterize the biological activity of the particulate soluble organic fraction for each fuel using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium test. In addition, exhaust gas aldehyde samples were collected using the DNPH method. These samples were analyzed gravimetrically and separated into components from formaldehyde to heptaldehyde with a gas chromatograph.
Results comparing the vegetable oils to Diesel fuel generally show slight improvements in thermal efficiency and indicated specific energy consumption; equal or higher gas-phase emissions; lower indicated specific revertant emissions; and significantly higher aldehyde emissions, including an increased percentage of formaldehyde.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Jacobus, M., Geyer, S., Lesfz, S., Taylor, W. et al., "Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Study of Four Vegetable Oils," SAE Technical Paper 831743, 1983, https://doi.org/10.4271/831743.Also In
References
- Collins, G S. Griffin R. C. Lacewell, R. D. “National Economic Implications of Substituting Plants Oils for Diesel Fuel,” Agr. Econ. Dept. Texas ASM University College Station, TX 1982
- Helgeson, D. L. Schaffner L. W. “Economics of On-Farm Sunflower processing,” Agr. Econ. Dept. N.D. State University Fargo, ND 1982
- Lipinsky, E. S., et al. “Systems Study of Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils for Use as Substitute and Emergency Diesel Fuels,” U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Energy Technology Division Office of Vehicle and Engine R&D October 1981
- Dunn J. R. Schneeberger K. C. “Economic Implications for the Potential Development of a Vegetable Oil fuel Industry,” USDA Washington, DC 1982
- Young, P. G. Morgan R. P. Shultz, E. B. Jr. “Buffalo Gourd: Potential as a Fuel Resource on Semi-Arid Lands,” Wash. Univ. St. Louis, MO 1982
- Morgan R. P. Shultz, E. B. Jr. “Fuels and Chemicals fom Navel Seed Oils,” Wash. Univ. St. Louis, MO September 1981
- Ziejewski M. Kaufman K. R. “Endurance Test of a Sunflower Oil/Diesel Fuel Blend,” SAE Paper No. 820257 February 1982
- Baranescu R. A. Lusco J. J. “Sunflower Oil as a Fuel Extender in Direct Injection Turbocharged Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper No. 820260 February 1982
- Fort, E. F. et al., “Evaluation of Cottonseed Oils as Diesel Fuel,” SAE Paper No. 820317 February 1982
- Barsic N. J. Humke A. L. “Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine with Vegetable Oil Fuels,” SAE Paper No. 810262 February 1982
- Humke A. L. Barsic N. J. “Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine with Vegetable Oil Fuels (Part 2),” SAE Paper No. 810955 February 1981
- Vostal, J. J. “Health Aspects of Diesel Exhaust Particulate Emissions,” Bull. N.Y. Ac. of Med. 56 914 934 1980
- Ross, M. M. Risby T. H. Steele W. A. Lestz S. S. Yasbin R. E. “Physicochemical Properties of Diesel Particulate Matter,” Colloids and Surfaces 5 17 31 1982
- Kinosian, J. R. Maga J. A. Goldsmith J. R. M. D. The Diesel Vehicle and Its Role in Air Pollution A Report to the California Legislature December 1962
- Dietzmann, H. E. Springer K. J. Stahman R. C. “Diesel Emissions as Predictors of Observed Diesel Odors,” SAE Paper No. 720757 September 1972
- Stahman, R. C. Kittredge G. D. Springer K. J. “Smoke and Odor Control for Diesel-Powered Trucks and Buses,” SAE Paper No. 680443 May 1968
- Sawicki, E. et al. “The 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone Hydrazone Test,” Analytical Chemistry” 33 621 625 1961
- Cadle, S. H. Nebel G. J. Williams R. L. “Measurement of Unregulated Emissions from General Motors' Light-Duty Vehicles,” SAE Paper No. 790694 June 1979
- Adt, R. R. Jr. et al. “Characterization of Alcohol/Gasoline Blends as Automotive Fuel-Performance and Emissions Characteristics,” Report to the United States Department of Energy September 1961
- Springer K. J. Stahman R. C. “Unregulated Emissions from Diesels used in Trucks and Buses,” SAE Paper No. 770258 March 1977
- Gable, P. A. Braddock J. N. Bradow R. L. “A Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from Lean Burn, Rotary, and Stratified Charge Engines,” SAE Paper No. 770301 March 1977
- Hare C. T. Baines T. M. “Characterization of Diesel Crankcase Emissions,” SAE Paper No. 770719 September 1977
- Urban C. M. Garbe R. J. “Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from Malfunctioning Automobiles,” SAE Paper No. 790696 June 1979
- Kallio, H. Linko R. R. Kaitaranta J. “Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones of Carbonyl Compounds,” Journal of Chromatography 65 355 360 1961
- Soukup, R. J. Scarpellino R. J. Danielczik E. “Gas Chromatographic Separation of 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone Derivatives of Carbonyl Compounds,” Analytical Chemistry 36 12 2255 2256 November 1964
- Papa L. J. Turner L. P. “Chromatographic Determination of Carbonyl Compounds as Their 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones II. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatographic Science 10 747 750 December 1972
- Creech, G. Johnson R. T. Stoffer J. O. “Part I. A Comparison of Three Different High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Systems for the Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones in Diesel Exhaust,” Journal of Chromatographic Science 20 67 72 February 1982
- Lipari F. Swarin S. J. “Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes in Automobile Exhaust with an Improved 2,4-Dlnitrophenylhydrazine Method,” Journal of Chromatography 247 297 306 May 1982
- “The Biological Liquid Fuels Alternative Technology Status and Engineering Considerations,” A Technical Report Developed through ASAE's Public Policy Issues Program ASAE October 1981
- Korus, R. A. Mousetis T. L. Lloyd L. “Polymerization of Vegetable Oils,” Chem. Eng. Univ. of Idaho Moscow, ID 1982
- Baldwin, J. D. C. Klimkowski H. Keesey M. A. “Fuel Additives for Vegetable 011-Fueled Compression Ignition Engines,” Agr. Eng. Dept. La. State Univ. Baton Rouge, LA 1982
- van der Walt A. N. Hugo E. J. C. “Attempts to Prevent Injector Coking with Sunflower Oil by Engine Modifications and Fuel Additives,” Agr. Eng. Div., Dept. of Agr. and Fisheries Silverton, South Africa 1982
- Romano, S. “Vegetable Oils - A New Alternative,” Chemical Especialities Industria E. Commercio Ltda. Sao Paulo, Brazil 1982
- Freedman, B. Pryde E. H. “Fatty Esters from Vegetable Oils for Use as a Diesel Fuel,” USDA-ARS, Northern Reg. Res. Lab. Peoria, IL 1982
- Hassett D. J. Hasan R. A. “Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester as Diesel Fuel,” Eng. Exp. Sta. Univ. of N.D. Grand Forks, ND 1982
- Kusy P. F. “Transesterification of Vegetable Oils for Fuels,” Organic Materials Research Deere and Company Moline, IL 1982
- Hawkins C. S. Fuls J. “Comparative Combustion Studies on Various Plant Oil Esters and the Long Term Effects of an Ethyl Ester on a Compression Ignition Engine,” Agr. Eng. Div., Dept. of Agr. and Fisheries Silverton, South Africa 1982
- Pischinger, G. H. et al., “Methyl Esters of Plant Oils as Diesel Fuels, Either Straight or in Blends,” Volkswagen do Brasil Sao Paulo, Brazil 1982
- Heisey J. B. Lestz S. S. “Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Aqueous Alcohol Fuels in a DI Diesel Engine,” NASA Report CR167917 1982
- Heisey J. B. Lestz S. S. “Aqueous Alcohol Fumigation of a Single-Cylinder DI Diesel Engine,” Paper No. 811208 presented at SAE Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Tulsa, OK, October, 1981. Paper appears in Alternate Fuels for Diesel Engines, SAE SP503 October 1981
- Geyer S. M. Lestz S. S. “Particulate Emissions from Diesel Combustion of Vegetable Oils,” Center for Air Environment Studies Report 674-83 The Pennsylvania State University 1983
- Smith, L. et. al., “Analytical Procedures for Characterizing Unregulated Emissions from Vehicles Using Middle-Distillate Fuels,” Report EPA-600/2-80-068 to the United States Environmental Protection Agency April 1980
- Jacobus M. J. Lestz S. S. “Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Aldehyde Emissions from Diesel Combustion of Vegetable Oils,” Center for Air Environment Studies Report 682-83 The Pennsylvania State University 1983
- Kaufman, K. R. et al., “Performance of Diesel Oil and Sunflower Oil Mixtures in Diesel Farm Tractors,” American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No.81-1054 June 1981
- Hoshika Y. Takata Y. “Gas Chromatograhic Separation of Carbonyl Compounds as Their 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones Using Glass Capillary Columns,” Journal of Chromatograhy 120 378 389 1976