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Impact Analysis of Two-Vehicle Collisions
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English
Abstract
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has conducted twelve staged collisions with the purpose of furnishing collision data for use with accident models. In this paper the data is fit to a two-vehicle impact model using the method of least squares. The model is based upon the equations of impulse and momentum; the computed constants are the coefficients of restitution and equivalent coefficient of friction. A gradient search technique was used to minimize the suns of squares directly.
Solutions (coefficients and velocity components) are found for 11 NHTSA collisions. The data seems to fit the model well, although deviations of 10% in impact velocity changes are not uncommon. Collisions with similar geometry but different initial velocity magnitudes do not always result in similar values of coefficients of restitution and friction. A specific parameter involving the total initial momentum, collision energy loss and velocity change, ΔV, of a single vehicle remains remarkably constant throughout all experimental collision types, speeds and vehicle mixes. This allows a simple expression to be used to predict approximately the ΔV of either vehicle in any collision.
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Authors
Citation
Brach, R., "Impact Analysis of Two-Vehicle Collisions," SAE Technical Paper 830468, 1983, https://doi.org/10.4271/830468.Also In
References
- Jones, I.S. Baum, A.S. “Research Input for Computer Simulation of Automobile Collisions, Volume IV: Staged Collision Reconstructions” December 1978
- Brach, R.M. “An Impact Moment Coefficient for Vehicle Collision Analysis” Trans. SAE 770014 1977
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- Chung, I.S. Nikravesh, P.E. Arora, J.S. “Automobile Crash Simulation Using a General Purpose Rigid Body Dynamic Analysis Program” ASME Winter Annual Meeting Phoenix 1982
- Bard, Y. Nonlinear Parameter Estimation Academic Press N.Y. 1974
- Grime, G. Jones, I. “Car Collisions -The Movement of Cars and Their Occupants in Accidents” Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs. 184 Pt 2A, No 5 1969 1970
- Teel, S., et al “Automotive Recorder Research - A Summary of Accident Data and Test Results” SAE Paper 740566
- Krishman, K. Carnaham, J.V. Beckman, M. “An Injury Threshold Model for Two-Car Collisions” GMR-3383 1978