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Application of the Turbo-Refrigerator to Long-Term Cryogenic Storage
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Abstract
Storage of cryogenic fluids in space for long periods is being considered in some mission plans. Weight penalty due to fluid vent loss can be high when lengthy periods of low usage are desired. Launch weight may be minimized by active refrigeration of the stored cryogen. The turbo-refrigerator is a closed-cycle cryogenic cooler well suited to such applications. Since this approach is based on the use of gas-bearing turbomachinery, life limitation due to wear is virtually absent, making extremely long periods of uninterrupted operation feasible. Long-term storage of hydrogen and oxygen is investigated, showing that, for a one-year mission, refrigerated storage results in lower weight for usable liquid hydrogen quantities above 3500 lb; liquid oxygen storage penalties are less, irrespective of the quantity, at this mission duration.
Authors
- P. G. Wapato - Heat Transfer and Cryogenic Systems, AiResearch Manufacturing Co., A Division of The Garrett Corp., Torrance, CA
- R. H. Norman - Heat Transfer and Cryogenic Systems, AiResearch Manufacturing Co., A Division of The Garrett Corp., Torrance, CA
- K. P. Barr - Heat Transfer and Cryogenic Systems, AiResearch Manufacturing Co., A Division of The Garrett Corp., Torrance, CA
Citation
Wapato, P., Norman, R., and Barr, K., "Application of the Turbo-Refrigerator to Long-Term Cryogenic Storage," SAE Technical Paper 820841, 1982, https://doi.org/10.4271/820841.Also In
References
- Haddocks F. E. “Application of Turbomachinery to Small-Capacity Closed-Cycle Cryogenic Systems,” Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 13 463 473 New York, N. Y. Plenum Press 1968
- Wapato P. G. Norman R. H. “Long-Duration Cryogenic Cooling with the Reversed Brayton Turbo-Refrigerator,” SPIE Proceedings 245 120 125 1980
- Harris R. Chenoweth J. White R. “Cryo-cooler Development for Space Flight Applications,” Paper 280-10 presented at SPIE Technical Symposium April 1981
- Pope W. L. Smoot G. F. Smith L. H. Taylor C. E. “Superconducting Magnet and Cryostat for a Space Application,” Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 20 47 60 New York, N. Y. Plenum Press 1975