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Pedestrian Post-Impact Kinematics and Injury Patterns
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English
Abstract
In this paper, frontal motor vehicle pedestrian collisions are classified according to post-impact pedestrian kinematics observed in real world vehicle vs. pedestrian accidents. Results from in-depth pedestrian accident investigations [1]** provide the medico-engineering basis for this study. It was found that impact-induced pedestrian motion is influenced by the relative configuration of the vehicle and pedestrian at impact as well as the vehicle's impact speed and deceleration rate. Injury patterns were found to be dependent on the trajectory type in addition to impact severity and characteristics of the vehicle and roadway.
Five basic kinematic trajectories have been identified for frontal collision cases and are described as: wrap, forward projection, fender vault, roof vault, and somersault. Pedestrian injury patterns are analyzed for each of the trajectory types; an injury risk index is defined; and the associated injury risks are compared.
It is hoped that classification of the characteristic injury patterns and trajectories can facilitate vehicle design improvements to reduce pedestrian injury severity.
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Citation
Ravani, B., Brougham, D., and Mason, R., "Pedestrian Post-Impact Kinematics and Injury Patterns," SAE Technical Paper 811024, 1981, https://doi.org/10.4271/811024.Also In
References
- Schmidt D.N. Ravani B. Brougham D. “Pedestrian Injury Causation Study.” Final report to NHTSA under Contract No. DOT-HS-7-01581 August 1980
- Federal Register January 22 1981 46 14 7015
- Jones T.O. Repa B.S. Potgiesser J.L. “A General Overview of Pedestrian Accidents and Protection Countermeasures.” Paper 1-1 presented at the Third International Congress on Automotive Safety San Francisco July 1974
- Sturtz G. et al., “Biomechanics of Real Child Pedestrian Accidents.” Paper 760814presented at the 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference Dearborn, Michigan October 1976 476 510
- Ashton S.J. Bimson S. Driscoll C. “Patterns of Injury in Pedestrian Accidents.” Paper presented at the 23 rd AAAM Conference Louisville, Kentucky October 1979 185 202
- Knoblauch R.L. “Causative Factors and Counter-measures for Rural and Suburban Pedestrian Accidents.” Final report to NHTSA under Contract No. DOT-HS-355-3-718 June 1977
- “The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) - 1976 Revision,” American Association for Automotive Safety