This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Laboratory Studies of Low-Chromium and Chromium-Free Steels for Suspension Coil Springs
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
AISI 5160 and modified 5160, the most commonly used steels for automotive suspension coil springs, contain chromium. In the event this metal becomes hard to get, our industries should have the information basis for introducing spring steels with less or no chromium. This paper reviews existing spring-steel grades and summarizes a laboratory study aimed at finding new alloys with an optimum combination of properties. New alloy approaches that are potentially competitive with 5160 and modified 5160 during normal times are identified as well as substitutes that could be used during an emergency.
Authors
Citation
Furr, S., "Laboratory Studies of Low-Chromium and Chromium-Free Steels for Suspension Coil Springs," SAE Technical Paper 800479, 1980, https://doi.org/10.4271/800479.Also In
References
- Gray A. G. “Materials Policy, Research and Development Act of 1979 (H.R. 2743) Including Comments on Substitution Technology for Critical Materials,” June 28 1979
- Metals Handbook 1939 Edition ASM “Composition and Heat Treatment of Large Helical Springs,” 985 986
- Bittner, E. T. “Alloy Spring Steels,” Trans. ASM 40 1948 263 280
- Metals Handbook Lyman T. 1948 Edition ASM “The Composition and Heat Treatment of Steel Springs,” 640 647
- Metals Handbook Lyman T. Eighth Edition ASM Metals Park, Ohio 1961 “Steel Springs,” 170 171
- Metals Handbook Bardes B. P. Ninth Edition ASM Metals Park, Ohio 1978 “Steel Springs,” Maker J. H. 297 303
- Kern R. F. “Carbon Steel Spring Elements,” Sept. 5 1972 Caterpillar Tractor Company
- Solomon, A. R. “Coil Spring Design, An Analytical View,” Paper 790410 presented at SAB Congress and Exposition, Detroit March 1979
- Borik Fe Biss V. A. Smith Y. E. “Sag Resistance of Si-Mo and Si-Cr Spring Steels,” Paper 790409 presented at SAE Congress and Exposition, Detroit March 1979
- Kern, R. F. “Selecting Steels for Heat-Treated Parts: Part 1 - Direct Hardenable Grades,” Metal Progress 94 Nov. 1968 61 73
- Furr S. T.. “Development of a New Laboratory Test Method for Spring Steels,” Journal of Basic Engineering, ASME Trans 94 Series D 1972 223 227
- Dieter G. E. “Mechanical Metallurgy,” McGraw-Hill New York 1961 273 281
- Chishima, K. Ohhara M. Uchibori, K. “On Anti-Creep Property of High Stress Coil Springs Made of SAE 9254,” Paper 10 presented at JSSR (Society of Spring Research of Japan), Osaka, Japan Nov. 1978
- Zimmerli, F. P. Discussion of “An Investigation of Tempered Chromium-Silicon Spring Steel,” by H. J. Elmendorf, Trans. ASM 40 1948 298 299
- Furr S. T. “Helical Spring Steel and Method,” Nov. 12 1974 Bethlehem Steel Corporation
- Jamieson R. M. Hood, J. E. “Bauschinger Effect in High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels,” Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 209 1971 46 48
- Wilson, D. V. “Reversible Work Hardening in Alloys of Cubic Metals,” Acta Metallurgica 13 1965 807 814
- Wilson D. V. Konnan, Y. A. “Work Hardening in a Steel Containing a Coarse Dispersion of Cementite Particles,” Acta Metallurgica 12 1964 617 628
- Gordine J. Codd, I. “The Influence of Silicon up to 1.5 wt-% on the Tempering Characteristics of a Spring Steel,” Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 207 1969 401 407
- Hobbs, R. M. Lorimer G. W. Ridley, N. “Effect of Silicon on the Microstructure of Quenched and Tempered Medium-Carbon Steels,” Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 210 1972 757 764
- Fisher, J. C. Hart E. W. Pry, R. H. “The Hardening of Metal Crystals by Precipitate Particles,” Acta Metallurgica 1 1963 336 339
- Cullity B. D. “Elements of X-Ray Diffraction,” Addison-Wesley Reading, Massachusetts 1956 93 99
- Isothermal Transformation Diagrams Third Edition United States Steel Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1963 172 173