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The Volkswagen Lean Burn PC-Engine Concept
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Abstract
Results from the 1600 cm3 PCI- (PreChamber Injection) Stratified Charge Engine with a divided combustion chamber and fuel injection into the prechamber were described in SAE Paper 750 869. The main objective of continued development on this engine was to meet future emission and fuel economy standards for European countries with a simpler concept than required in the US, but equally effective. This work lead to the lean burn PC- (Pre Chamber) engine, where the prechamber fuel injection system is omitted.
The main part of the program was concerned with the optimization of the PC-Combustion Process, however, the effects of the engine periphery were also considered in detail.
A large number of combustion chamber parameters were thoroughly investigated on a 1300 cm3 four-cylinder water-cooled inline engine. Ignition system parameters were included in the test program because they can significantly influence the combustion process. Since an engine concept had to be developed, a large part of the experimental work dealt with fuel-air-mixture formation, distribution and heating. A simple means of exhaust gas after-treatment was also considered in the concept.
Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption were evaluated in a number of vehicle tests according to European test procedures. Results show that future European exhaust emission standards, if not too severe, are likely to be met without catalytic after-treatment. No significant problems have been encountered thus far, however, more durability testing needs to be done.
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Citation
Brandstetter, W., "The Volkswagen Lean Burn PC-Engine Concept," SAE Technical Paper 800456, 1980, https://doi.org/10.4271/800456.Also In
References
- Hofbauer P. Sator, K. “Advanced Automotive Power System, Part. II: A Diesel for a Subcompact Car,” SAE-Paper 770 113, Detroit March 1977
- Sator, K. Buttgereit W. Sturzebecher, U. “New 5-and 6-Cylinder VW Diesel Engines for Passenger Cars and Light Duty Trucks,” SAE-Paper 790 206 Detroit February 1979
- Brandstetter, W. Decker G. Reichel, K. “The Water-Cooled Volkswagen PCI-Stratified Charge Engine,” SAE-Paper 750 869, Detroit October 1975
- Brandstetter, W. “Experimental Results from Volkswagen Prechamber Stratified Charge Engines” Paper C 249/76, Stratified Charge Engine Conference, London October 1976
- Brandstetter W. “über neuere Arbeiten am VW PCI- und VW-PCV-Schichtladeverfahren” MTZ 7/8 1977 38
- Noguchi, M. Sanda S. Nakamura, N. “Development of Toyota Lean Burn Engine” SAE-Paper 760 757, Detroit October 1976
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- Konishi, M. Nakamura, N. Oono, E. Baika T. Sanda, S. “Effect of a Prechamber on NO X Formation Process in the SI Engine,” Detroit, SAE-Paper 790 389, Detroit February 1979
- Adams, T.G. “Torch Ignition for Combustion Control of Lean Mixtures,” SAE-Paper 790 440, Detroit February 1979
- Brandstetter, W. Birth M. Stuart, P. “Multidimensional Heat-Flow in the Surroundings of the Prechamber under Transient Conditions,” SAE-Paper 790 437, Detroit February 1979
- Brandstetter, W. “Modeling of a Stratified Charge Engine with an Unscavenged Prechamber,” Symposium on Combustion Modeling in Reciprocation Engines General Motors Research Laboratories November 1978