This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Driving Cycle Economy, Emissions and Photochemical Reactivity Using Alcohol Fuels and Gasoline
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
An oxidation catalyst equipped vehicle and several three-way-catalyst (TWC) equipped vehicles were modified to operate on the Federal Test Procedure using gasoline or alcohol fuels. Unburned (hydro)carbon emissions were generally lowest when methanol fuel was used. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were reduced an average of more than 50% by using alcohol fuels in contrast to gasoline. Photochemical reactivity comparisons of unburned fuel emissions were made by calculation and also with a 100 cu. ft. smog chamber. Synthetic reproductions (surrogates) of stoichiometric methanol exhaust were less photochemically reactive than gasoline exhaust surrogates for the 8.5:1 compression ratio engine conditions. This effect was observed even though methanol exhaust surrogates were tested at higher hydrocarbon-to-NOx ratios (20:1 vs. 13.8:1) than were the gasoline exhaust surrogates. The exhaust from the stoichiometric TWC-equipped vehicles was extremely low in calculated and experimental reactivities for both methanol and gasoline fuels. This was due to their very low mass emissions and low exhaust hydrocarbon-to-NOx ratios.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | THE INTRODUCTION OF JET TRANSPORT |
| Technical Paper | Aldehyde and Unburned Fuel Emissions From Developmental Methanol-Fueled 2.5L Vehicles |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bechtold, R. and Pullman, J., "Driving Cycle Economy, Emissions and Photochemical Reactivity Using Alcohol Fuels and Gasoline," SAE Technical Paper 800260, 1980, https://doi.org/10.4271/800260.Also In
References
- Adelman H.G. Andrews D.G. Devoto R.S. “Exhaust Emissions from a Methanol-Fueled Automobile” SAE Paper No. 720693 Aug 21–24 1972
- Fleming R.D. Chamberlain T.W. “Methanol as Automotive Fuel Part 1- Straight Methanol” SAE Paper No. 750121 Feb 24–28 1975
- Menrad H. Lee W. Bernhardt W. “Development of Pure Methanol Fuel Car” SAE Paper No. 770790 Sept 26–30 1977
- Pefley R.K. Browning L.H. Hornberger M.L. Likos W.E. McCormack M.C. Pullman J.B. “Characterization and Research Investigation of Methanol and Methyl Fuels”
- Brinkman N.D. “Vehicle Evaluation of Neat Methanol- Compromises Among Exhaust Emissions, Fuel Economy and Driveability” Fourth International Symposium on Automotive Propulsion Systems Washington, D.C. April 17–22 1977
- Chui G. Anderson R. Baker R. “Brazilian Vehicle Calibration for Ethanol Fuels” Alcohol Fuels Technology Third International Symposium Asilomar, CA May 28–31 1979
- Stone R.K. Eccleston B.H. “Vehicle Emissions vs. Fuel Composition- API- Bureau of Mines- Part IT” May 13 1969
- Dishart K.T. “Exhaust Hydrocarbon Composition, its Relation to Gasoline Composition” 35th Midyear Meeting American Petroleum Institute Houston, TX May 14 1970
- Dimitriades B. et. al “The Association of Automotive Fuel Composition with Exhaust Reactivity” 1973
- Hosaka H. Onodera T. Wigg E.G. “The Effect of Fuel Hydrocarbon Composition on Exhaust Emissions from Japanese Vehicles” SAE Paper No. 780625
- Jackson M.W. “Effects of Some Engine Variables and Control Systems on Composition and Reactivity of Exhaust Hydrocarbons” SAE Paper No. 660404 1966
- Morris W.E. Dishart K.T. “The Influence of Vehicle Emission Control Systems on the Relationships Between Gasoline and Vehicle Exhaust Hydrocarbon Composition” 63 93 1971
- Wigg E.E. “Reactive Exhaust Emissions from Current and Future Emission Control Systems” SAE Paper No. 730196
- Jackson M.W. “Effect of Catalytic Emission Control on Exhaust Hydrocarbon Composition and Reactivity: SAE Paper No. 780624
- Matsuno M. et. al “Alcohol Engine Emissions- Emphasis on Unregulated Compounds” Alcohol Fuels Technology Third International Symposium Asilomar, CA May 28–31 1979
- Bechtold R. Pullman B. “Driving Cycle Comparisons of Energy Economies and Emissions from an Alcohol and Gasoline Fueled Vehicle” Alcohol Fuels Technology Third International Symposium Asilomar, CA May 28–31 1979
- Hilden D. Parks F. “A Single-Cylinder Engine Study of Methanol Fuel- Emphasis on Organic Emissions” SAE Paper No. 760378 Feb 23–27 1976
- Raible C.J. Cox F.W. “Chromtographic Methods of Analysis for Methanol and Ethanol in Automotive Exhaust” SAE Paper No. 790690 June 1979
- Dimitriades B. Raible C.J. Wilson C.A. “Interpretation of Gas Chromtographic Spectra in Routine Analysis of Exhaust Hydrocarbons”
- Coordinating Research Council “Oxygenates in Automotive Exhaust Gas: Part 1. Techniques for Determining Aldehydes by the MBTH Method” June 1968
- Wu C. Niki H. “Methods for Measuring NO 2 Photodissociation Rate” Environmental Science and Technology 9 1 Jan 1975
- LaPointe C. Schultz W. “Comparison of Emission Indexes Within a Turbine Combustor Operated on Diesel Fuel or Methanol” SAE Paper No. 730669 June 18–22 1973
- Sheth N. Rice T. “Quantification and Reduction of Sources of Variability in Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Economy Measurements” SAE Paper 790232 1979
- Darnall K. Lloyd A. Winer A. Pitts J. “Reactivity Scale for Atmospheric Hydrocarbons Based on Reaction with Hydroxyl Radical” Environmental Science and Technology 10 7 July 1976
- Dimitriades B. “The Concept of Reactivity and its Possible Application in Control” Proceedings of the Solvent Reactivity Conference, RTP, NC Nov 1974
- Farley F. “Photochemical Reactivity Classification of Hydrocarbons and Other Organic Compounds” Proceedings of the Solvent Reactivity Conference, RTP, NC Nov 1974
- Dimitriades B. Joshi S. “Application of Reactivity Criteria in Oxidant-Related Emission Control in the USA” Nov 1976
- Glasson W.A. Tuesday C.S. “Inhibition of the Atmospheric Photooxidation of Hydrocarbons by Nitric Oxide” March 1965