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Cold Starting and Oil Pumpability -An Evaluation of New and Used Oils in Gasoline Engines
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Abstract
Cold starting and oil pumpability were studied in a controlled field test with new and used oils. Minimum starting temperatures and the corresponding oil viscosities were established for vehicles with four, six and eight cylinder engines. Oil pumping characteristics following a cold start were also defined.
It was found that a lower oil viscosity was required as the starting temperature went down to compensate for loss of battery output. The “critical” starting viscosities were always lowest for the four cylinder engine, suggesting that new CCS viscosity specifications should be based on the needs of small engines.
The benefits for using a 5W rather than a 10W lubricant were modest (2-3°C) as were the increases in minimum starting temperatures with a used oil.
The six cylinder engine was the most critical with respect to oil pumpability, probably because it had the longest oil pickup tube. A 10W/30 lubricant had better pumping characteristics in this engine than predicted by low shear visometers.
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Citation
Stover, W., "Cold Starting and Oil Pumpability -An Evaluation of New and Used Oils in Gasoline Engines," SAE Technical Paper 790729, 1979, https://doi.org/10.4271/790729.Also In
References
- “Viscosity and Its Application to Automotive Lubricants” SAE Symposium at Detroit May 1973 SAE Publication SP-382
- “The Relationship Between Oil Viscosity and Engine Performance” SAE/ASTM Symposium at Detroit February 1977 SAE Publication SP-416
- “The Relationship Between Engine Oil Viscosity and Engine Performance, Part II” SAE/ASTM Symposium at Tulsa June 1977 SAE Publication SP-419
- “The Relationship Between Engine Oil Viscosity and Engine Performance, Part III” SAE/ASTM Symposium at Detroit Feburary 1978 SAE Publication SP-429
- McMillan M. L. Stewart R. M. Smith, M. F. Jr. Rein S. W. “Low-Temperature Engine Oil Pumpability in Full-Scale Engines” SAE Paper 750691
- Campen M. Myers E. E. “Performance of Part Synthetic Engine Oils” Paper FL-78-83. Presented at NPRA Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Houston November 1978
- Malloy M. G. Sinai A. M. “Testing of Automotive Lubricants in Real Cold Weather Service” Paper 780976. Presented at the SAE Meeting, Toronto November 1978
- Stewart R. M. “Engine Pumpability and Cranking Tests on Commercial ‘W’ Graded Engine Oils Compared to Bench Test Results” SAE Paper 780369
- Stewart R. M. selby T. W. “The Relationship Between Oil Viscosity and Engine Performance - A Literature Search” SAE Paper 770372
- Appeldoorn J. K. “Motor Oil Viscosity and Cold Starting” API Meeting, Chicago November 1948 SAE Publication PT-10 1 6
- Stewart R. M. Smith, M. F. Jr. “Proposed Laboratory Methods for Predicting the Low-Temperature Pumpability Properties of Crankcase Oils” SAE Paper 730479