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An Experimental Study of Vehicle Refueling Emissions
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English
Abstract
When automobiles are refueled, hydrocarbon vapors are displaced from the vehicle tank and emitted to the atmosphere. An experimental program was carried out to measure both the mass and the volume of these emissions as a function of three variables: vehicle tank temperature, dispensed fuel temperature, and fuel volatility measured as Reid vapor pressure.
Based on the experimental results, regression equations were developed which can be used to accurately predict refueling emissions under a wide range of conditions.
An analysis of the experimental results shows that the vapor balance system, the simpler, less expensive of the two systems being considered for control of refueling emissions, has the potential to meet strict standards under temperature conditions where ozone is likely to form in the atmosphere.
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Authors
Citation
Hochhauser, A. and Campion, R., "An Experimental Study of Vehicle Refueling Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 760307, 1976, https://doi.org/10.4271/760307.Also In
References
- Federal Register October 9 1975
- “Investigation of Passenger Car Refueling Losses” APRAC Project Number CAPE-9-68 Scott Research Laboratories, Inc. San Bernardino September 1975
- Lieferman M. W. “Vapor Control Concepts” Vehicle Refueling Emissions Seminar Anaheim, California API Publication 4222 December 4-5 1973
- “Performance of Service Station Vapor Control Concepts” Prepared for API EF-14 Task Force Scott Research Laboratories, Inc. San Bernardino, California June 1974
- Liston E. M. “A Study of Variables that Effect the Amount of Vapor Emitted During the Refueling of Automobiles” May 1975
- Altshuller A. P. “An Evaluation of Techniques for the Determination of the Photochemical Reactivity of Organic Emissions,” J. Air Poll. Cont. Assoc. 16 257 1966
- Natrella M. G. “Experimental Statistics,” National Bureau of Standards Handbook 91 U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 1966
- “Evaporation Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks API Bulletin #2518 American Petroleum Institute New York 1962
- “Time Temperature Histories of Specified Fuel Systems,” CRC-APRAC Committee Number CAPE-5-68 Scott Research Laboratories, Inc. San Bernardino, California 1969