This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Sulfate Emissions from Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Because of the minute quantity of sulfur in gasoline, all gasoline-powered vehicles emit sulfur oxides. Automotive emissions of sulfur oxides, however, are insignificant since, according to a 1970 Environmental Protection Agency estimate, gasoline-powered vehicles are responsible for only 0.6% of sulfur oxide emissions nationwide. Furthermore, all of the sulfur oxides in the atmosphere are gradually oxidized to sulfuric acid and sulfate by natural processes.
Catalytic converters of the type installed on 1975 model automobiles reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by oxidizing them to carbon dioxide and water. In the process some of the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas is also oxidized to sulfur trioxide, which combines with water to form sulfuric acid and sulfates.
Sulfate emissions from 19 catalyst cars, 4 noncatalyst cars, and one diesel passenger car were measured with the 1972 Federal Test Procedure (FTP). Some vehicles were also tested with the 1975 FTP and at 30, 40, and 60 mph. A large constant-volume-type sampling system was used to dilute and cool the exhaust, and approximately 1.5% of the exhaust was sampled on filters.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Begeman, C., Jackson, M., and Nebel, G., "Sulfate Emissions from Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles," SAE Technical Paper 741060, 1974, https://doi.org/10.4271/741060.Also In
References
- Beltzer M. Campion R. J. Petersen W. L. “Measurement of Vehicle Particulate Emissions.” Paper 740286 presented at SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit February-March 1974
- Pierson W. R. Hammerle R. H. Kummer J. T. “Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Emissions from Catalyst-Equipped Engines.” Paper 740287 presented at SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit February-March 1974
- Moran J. B. “Assuring Public Health Protection as a Result of the Mobile Source Emissions Control Program.” Paper 740285 presented at SAE Automotive Engineering Congress, Detroit February-March 1974
- “Auto Pollution: EPA Worrying That the Catalyst May Backfire.” Science 182 1973 368
- Shy C. M. Finklea J. F. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7 1973 204
- Cavender J. H. Kircher D. S. Hoffman A. J. “National Air Pollution Emission Trends 1940-1970.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency January 1973
- Robinson E. Robbins R. C. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc 20 1970 233
- Diggs S. H. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 1928 16
- Broeze J. J. Gravesteyn B. J. J. The Motor Ship 19 1939 216
- Moore C. C. Kent W. L. SAE Transactions 1 1947 687
- Cloud G. H. Blackwood H. J. SAE Journal 51 1943 408
- Gay E. J. Proc. Third World Petrol. Congress 1951 261
- Berger L. B. Elliott M. A. Holtz J. C. Schrenk H. H. U.S. Bureau of Mines June 1943
- van der Zyden M. J. van Hinte J. E. van der Ende J. C. J. Inst. Petrol. 36 1950 561
- Newhall H. K. “Control of Nitrogen Oxides by Exhaust Recirculation-A Preliminary Theoretical Study.” SAE Transactions 76 1968 paper 670495
- Gustafsson L. Talanta 4 1960 227 236
- Fritz J. S. Yamamura S. S. Anal. Chem. 27 1955 1461
- Interscience Committee “Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis.” American Public Health Association 1972 447
- Ayotte R. F. GM Proving Ground Report No. 26962 May 5 1970
- Federal Register 35 219 Nov. 10 1970 17288
- Federal Register 37 221 Nov. 15 1972 24250
- Lee R. E. Patterson R. K. Wagman J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2 1968 288
- Charlson R. J. Ahlquist N. C. Horvath H. Atmos. Environ. 2 1968 455
- Liu B. Y. H. Whitby K. T. Pui D. Y. H. “A Portable Electrical Analyzer for Size Distribution Measurement of Submicron Aerosols.” APCA Chicago June 1973
- Hunter J. E. “Studies of Catalyst Degradation in Automotive Emissions Systems.” Paper 720122 presented at SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1972
- Stern K. H. Weise E. L. “High Temperature Properties and Decomposition of Inorganic Salts, Part I-Sulfates.” U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards Oct. 1 1966