This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Biomechanics of Seat Belt Design
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This paper discusses the development of adequate criteria and evaluation methods for seat belt restraint design. These criteria should include the effect of seat belts in abdominal injury as well as head injury. It is concluded that belt load limiters and energy-absorbing devices should limit head-to-vehicle contact, ensure that the lap belt maintains proper contact with the bony pelvic girdle, and limit the belt loads. Studies are made of pulse shape and belt fabrics. Currently available mathematical models are used for the studies included in the paper.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Injury Patterns by Restraint Usage in 1973 and 1974 Passenger Cars |
| Technical Paper | Whole-Body Human Surrogate Response to Three-Point Harness Restraint |
Authors
- James H. McElhaney - Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- Verne L. Roberts - Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- John W. Melvin - Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- William Shelton - Ford Motor Co.
- Albert J. Hammond - Ford Motor Co.
Citation
McElhaney, J., Roberts, V., Melvin, J., Shelton, W. et al., "Biomechanics of Seat Belt Design," SAE Technical Paper 720972, 1972, https://doi.org/10.4271/720972.Also In
References
- Nahum A. M. Siegel A. W. Brooks S. “The Reduction of Collision Injuries: Past, Present and Future.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700895
- Bohlin N. I. “A Statistical Analysis of 28,000 Accident Cases with Emphasis on Occupant Restraint Value.” SAE Transactions 76 paper 670925
- Robbins D. H. “Three-Dimensional Simulation of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems.” Paper 700421 , 1970 International Automobile Safety Conference Compendium 30 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Robbins D. H. Bennett R. O. Henke A. W. Alem N. M. “Predictions of Mathematical Models Compared with Impact Sled Test Results Using Anthropometric Dummies.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700907
- Robbins D. H. Bennett R. O. Roberts V. L. “HSRI Two-Dimensional Crash Victim Simulator: Analysis, Verification and Users' Manual.” Final Report, U.S. DOT Contract No. FH-11-6962 December 1970 FTIS No. PB-202-537
- Robbins D. H. Bennett R. O. Roberts V. L. “HSRI Three-Dimensional Crash Victim Simulator: Analysis, Verification, and Users' Manual.” Final Report, U.S. DOT Contract No. FH-11-6962 June 1971 HS-800-551
- Robbins D. H. et al. “Development and Testing of Integrated Seat Restraint Systems.” Final Report, U.S. DOT Contract No. FH-11-6962 June 1971 DOT/HS-800-528. PB 206 589
- Aiken D. W. “Intestinal Perforation and Facial Fractures in an Automobile Accident Victim Wearing a Seat Belt.” Jrl. Louisiana State Med. Soc. 115 7 1963 235 236
- Backstrom C. “Traffic Injuries in South Sweden with Special Reference to Medico-Legal Autopsies of Car Occupants and Value of Safety Belts.” Acta Chir. Scand., Suppl. 308 1963
- Backwinkel K. D. “Injuries From Seat Belts.” Jrl. AMA 205 5 July 29 1968 305 308
- Baumgartel E. Steiner H. “Isolated Abdominal Organ Wounds with the Use of a Safety Belt: Contribution to the Seat Belt Syndrome.” Mschr. Unfallheilk 71 1968 265 267
- Beckman D. L. McElhaney J. H. Roberts V. L. Stalnaker R. L. “Impact Tolerance-Abdominal Injury.” Final Report. U.S. DOT Contract No. FH-11-7608, NTIS No. PB-204-171
- Boger W. M. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Bonilla K. B. Bowers W. F. “Traumatic Rupture of the Proximal Jejunum.” Amer. Jrl. Surg. 100 1960 731 736
- Brinn J. Staffeld S. E. “Evaluating of Impact Test Accelerations: A Damage Index for the Head and Torso.” Paper 700902 Proceedings of Fourteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 33 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Brunius U. Lindgren S. “Protection Offered by Safety Belts: An Analysis of 210 Safety-Belt Cases.” Nord. Med. 66 1961 1500 1503
- Buxton B. “Rupture of the Duodenum Produced by a Safety Belt.” Austral. & New Zeal. Jrl. Surg. 38 4 1969 315 320
- Campbell D. K. Austin R. F. “Seat Belt Injury: Injury of the Abdominal Aorta.” Radiology 92 1969 123 124
- Campbell H. E. “Seat Belts and Abdominal Injury.” Arch. Surg. 75 1957 150 151
- Campbell H. E. “The Automotive Seat Belt and Abdominal Injury.” Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 119 1964 591 592
- Carroll T. B. Gruber F. H. “Seat Belt Fractures.” Radiology 91 3 1968 517 518
- Cocke W. M. Meyer K. K. “Splenic Rupture Due to Improper Placement of Automotive Safety Belt.” Jrl. AMA 183 8 1963 693
- deKearney J. “The Seat Belt Syndrome.” Mem. Acad. Chir. Paris 95 1969 539 545
- DiFiore F. R. Gin O. “Injuries Due to Automobile 2884 J. H. McELHANEY, ET AL. Seat Belts.” Amer. Surgeon 34 11 1968 828 830
- 1960
- 1970
- 1970
- 1970
- “Seat Belt Injuries.” Brit. Med. Jrl. 3 1968 4 5
- Engberg A. “Injuries Caused by Safety Belts.” Svensk Lakartidn 58 1961 884 886
- Favre Delacroix “The Problem of the Role of the Safety Belt in Automobile Accidents.” Mem. Acad. Chir. Paris 95 1969 552 555
- Fish J. Wright R. H. “The Seat Belt Syndrome-Does It Exist?” Jrl. Trauma 5 1965 746 750
- Fisher L. D. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Fisher P. “Injury Produced by Seat Belts: Report of 2 Cases.” Jrl. Occupantional Med. 2 1965 211 212
- Garrett J. W. Braunstein P. W. “The Seat Belt Syndrome.” Jrl. Trauma 2 1962 220 238
- Gerritsen R. Frobese A. S. Pezzi P. J. “Unusual Abdominal Injuries Due to Seat Belts.” Jrl. Albert Einstein Medical Center 14 1 1966 63 66
- Gill W. T. “Serious Seat Belt Injuries.” Rocky Mountain Med. Jrl. 67 5 1960 27 31
- Greenbaum E. Harris L. Halloran W. X. “Flexion Fracture of the Lumbar Spine Due to Lap-Type Seat Belts.” Calif. Med. 113 1960 74 76
- Hamilton J. B. “Seat-Belt Injuries.” Brit. Med. Jrl. 4 1968 485 486
- Hansen O. M. Rasmussen P. S. “Traffic Accident with a Spleen Injury Associated with the Use of a Safety Belt.” Ugeskr. Laeg. 125 1963 771 773
- Harkins J. A. Williams Kirkpatrick “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” Jrl. Trauma 11 1971 217
- Herbsman H. Williams Lies Hale Jrl. Trauma 6 3 1966 303 313
- Heune D. R. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Hoyt R. K. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Hurwitt E. S. Silver C. E. “A Ventral Hernia Following an Automotive Crash.” Jrl. AMA 194 7 1965 829 831
- Kulowski J. Rost W. B. “Intra-Abdominal Injury from Safety Belt in Auto Accident. Report of a Case.” Arch. Surg. 73 1956 970 971
- Leger L. Moulle P. Patel A. “Surgical Problems Raised by Safety Belts.” Mem. Acad. Chir. Paris 95 1969 556 557
- LeMire J. R. Earley D. E. Hawley C. “Intra-Abdominal Injuries Caused by Automotive Seat Belts.” Jrl. AMA 201 1967 109 111
- Lewis S. T. Stapp J. P. “Human Tolerance of Aircraft Seat Belt Restraint.” Jrl. Aviat. Med. 29 1958 187 196
- Lindgren S. Warg E. “Seat Belts and Accident Prevention.” The Practitioner 188 April 1962 467 473
- Lister R. D. Milson B. M. “Car Seat Belts, An Analysis of the Injuries Sustained by Car Occupants.” The Practitioner 191 1963 332
- MacLeod J. H. Nicholson D. M. “Seat Belt Trauma to the Abdomen.” Can. Jrl. Surg. 12 1969 202 206
- Mandelbaum I. Enderle F. J. “Seat Belt Injuries.” Jrl. Indiana St. Med. Assoc. 63 1970 340 342
- Marsh H. O. Bailey D. “Seat Belt Fractures.” Jrl. Kansas Med. Soc. 71 1970 361 365
- McElhaney J. H. Stalnaker R. L. Roberts V. L. Snyder R. G. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria.” SAE Transactions 80 1971 paper 710864
- Morton J. H. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Nelson W. D. “Lap-Shoulder Restraint Effectiveness in the United States.” Paper 710077 SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1971
- Park H. Lucas C. E. “Perforated Meckel's Diverticulum Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma.” Jrl. Trauma 10 8 1970 706 707
- Porter S. D. Green E. W. “Seat Belt Injuries.” Arch. Surg. 96 February 1968 242 246
- Robbins D. H. Snyder R. G. Roberts V. L. “Mathematical Simulation of Daisy Track Human Volunteer Tests.” Final Report, DOT Contract No. FH-11-6962 June 1971 53 203 717
- Robbins D. H. Snyder R. G. Roberts V. L. “Injury Criteria Model for Restraint System Effectiveness Evaluation.” Final Report, DOT Contract No. FH-11-6962 April 1971 NTIS No. PB-202-343
- Roberts V. L. Robbins D. H. “Multidimensional Mathematical Modeling of Occupant Dynamics Under Crash Conditions.” Paper 690248 SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1969
- Roman E. Silva Y. J. Lucas C. “Management of Blunt Duodenal Injury.” Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 132 1 1971 7 14
- Rybak J. J. Thomford N. R. “Acute Occlusion of the Infrarenal Aorta from Blunt Trauma.” Amer. Surgeon 35 6 1969 444 447
- Schneider R. C. et al. “Lap Seat Belt Injuries; The Treatment of the Fortunate Survivor.” Mich. Med. 67 3 1968 171 186
- Seitter G. Sharp J. H. “Seat Belt Injuries: A Review and Report of Four Cases.” Military Med. 135 1970 215 217
- Shamblin J. R. “Seat Belt Injuries.” Arch. Surg. 97 September 1968 474 477
- Siegel A. W. Von Wagoner W. T. Nahum A. M. “Case Comparisons of Restrained and Nonrestrained Occupants and Related Injury Patterns.” Paper 690245 SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1969
- Slatis P. “Injuries Sustained by Car Occupants Using Safety Belts.” Ann. Chir. Gynae. Fenn. 56 1967 424 429
- Snyder R. G. Crosby W. M. Hanson P. Snow C. C. Chandler R. Fineg J. “Impact Injury to the Pregnant Female and Fetus in Lap Belt Restraint.” Paper 660801 , Proceedings of Tenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 12 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1966
- Snyder R. G. Young J. W. Snow C. C. Hanson P. “Seat Belt Injuries in Impact.” The Prevention of Highway Injury, HSRI Ann Arbor The University of Michigan 1967
- Stalnaker R. L. McElhaney J. H. Roberts V. L. Snyder R. G. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria.” Final Report, DOT Contract No. FH-11-7288 June 1971 NTIS No. PB-203-721
- Stapp J. P. “Part II. Effects of Seat Belts: Man.” Environmental Biology, Federation of Amer. Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Md. 1966 229
- Steckler R. M. Epstein J. A. Epstein B. S. “Seat Belt Trauma to the Lumbar Spine: An Unusual Manifestation of the Seat Belt Syndrome.” Jrl. Trauma 9 6 1969 508 513
- Starkloff G. B. Bailey D. Rutledge R. “Abdominal Trauma.” Missouri Med. 50 1953 918 921
- Sube J. Ziperman H. H. Mclver W. J. “Seat Belt Trauma to the Abdomen.” Amer. Jrl. Surg. 113 3 1967 346 350
- Thomas D. G. Wright J. E. “Ruptured Liver.” Austral. and New Zeal. Jrl. Surg. 37 4 1968 338 344
- Tolins S. H. “An Unusual Injury Due to the Seat Belt.” Jrl. Trauma 4 1964 397 399
- Traylor F. A. Morgan W. W. Lucera J. I. Owens J. C. “Abdominal Trauma from Seat Belts.” Amer. Surg. 35 5 1969 313 316
- Von Bahr V. Eriksson E. “Injuries Caused by Safety Belts.” Svensk Lakartidn. 58 1961 141 143
- Wiles C. E. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Williams J. S. Lies B. A. Hale H. W. “Intra-Abdominal Injury from Seat Belts.” Jrl. Trauma 6 1966 303 315
- Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1970 paper 700896
- Williams J. S. Kirkpatrick J. R. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” Jrl. Trauma 11 3 1971 207 217
- Witte C. L. “Mesentery and Bowel Injury from Automotive Seat Belts.” Ann. Surg. 167 4 1968 486 492
- Wood M. Williams Lies Hale Jrl. Trauma 6 3 1966 303 313
- Zaborowski A. B. “Lateral Impact Studies: Lap Belt Shoulder Harness Investigations.” Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference Minneapolis Nolte Center for Continuing Education, University of Minnesota 1965 93 217
- Zaborowski A. B. “Human Tolerance to Lateral Impact with Lap Belt Only.” Eighth Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference Detroit Wayne State University Press 1966
- Zeplowitz F. A. Williams J. S. “The Nature of Seat Belt Injuries.” SAE Transactions 79 1960 paper 700896