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Hazard Indices and Their Relationship to Anthropomorphic Dummies
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English
Abstract
This paper discusses some of the very serious problems associated with the use of anthropomorphic dummies in crash testing of automobiles. These problems arise primarily from the non-repeatable behavior of the dummy and from the unknown correlation between it's behavior and that of the human. The combination of these factors leads to scatter in test results and in their interpretation which are well beyond the usual range of engineering practice.
The systems approach to crash testing can only be placed on a true scientific basis by increasing our understanding of the dummy/human relationship and by decreasing test scatter. Test programs relating to these problem areas are described. These tests demonstrate that the results obtained are heavily dependent on the data analysis scheme employed.
Results obtained by use of the mathematical analog technique are compared to other methods. The analog approach is found to minimize scatter in test results and yield values which compare favorably with our limited human tolerance knowledge. Results of dummy head impacts against windshields are shown to approximate theoretical considerations when the brain analog technique is employed.
The study concludes that the organ analog approach appears to analyze dummy test results in a more meaningful manner than other current techniques; however our knowledge of human tolerance as well as of dummy construction will require considerable advancement before safety systems testing is upgraded from an art to a science.
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Citation
Brinn, J., "Hazard Indices and Their Relationship to Anthropomorphic Dummies," SAE Technical Paper 720441, 1972, https://doi.org/10.4271/720441.Also In
References
- McElhaney J. H. Stainaker R. L. Roberts V. L. Snyder R. G. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria” Proceedings of the Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Coronado, California Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1971
- Brinn J. Staffeld S. E. “Evaluation of Impact Test Accelerations: A Damage Index for the Head and Torso” Proceedings of the Fourteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Ann Arbor Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Brinn J. “The Effective Displacement Index-An Analysis Technique for Crash Impacts of Anthropometric Dummies” Workshop of the Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Coronado, California Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1971
- Bohlin N. I. “A Statistical Analysis of 28,000 Accident Cases with Emphasis on Occupant Restraint Value” Proceedings of the Eleventh Stapp Car Crash Conference Los Angeles Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1967
- Nelson W. D. “Lap-Shoulder Restraint Effectiveness in the United States” SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1971
- Herman R. I. Garrett J. W. “A Study of Occupant Injury and Glass Damage Associated with the High Penetration Resistant Windshield” Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory July 1970
- Morrison R. L. “Influence of Ambient Temperature on Impact Performance of HPR Windshields” Proceedings of the Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Coronado, California Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1971