This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Testing the Validity and Limitations of the Severity Index
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The head acceleration pulses obtained from monkey concussion, cadaver skull fracture (t = 0.002 sec), and football helmet experiments (0.006< t< 0.011 sec) have been subjected to injury hazard assessment by the Severity Index method. Although not directly applicable, the method correlates well with degree of monkey concussion. The range of Severity Indices for acceleration pulses obtained during impact to nine cadavers, all of which produced a linear fracture, was 540-1760 (1000 is danger to life) with a median value of 910. The helmet experiments showed good correlation between the Severity Index and the Wayne State University tolerance curve. These helmet tests also showed that a kinematics chart with curves of velocity change, stopping distance, average head acceleration, and time, with a superimposed Wayne State tolerance curve, can be useful in injury assessment.
The Vienna mathematical model of Slattenschek and Tauffkirchen proposed as an alternative method of hazard assessment to the Severity Index was tested with the football helmet data. Displacement response of the model increases relative to severity of impact and is in good agreement with predictions by the authors.
It is shown that the Severity Index method does not apply to a metal head form.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Hodgson, V., Thomas, L., and Prasad, P., "Testing the Validity and Limitations of the Severity Index," SAE Technical Paper 700901, 1970, https://doi.org/10.4271/700901.Also In
References
- Gadd C. W. “Use of a Weighted-Impulse Criterion for Estimating Injury Hazard.” Proceedings of Tenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 12 paper 660793 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1966
- Lissner H. R. et al. “Experimental Studies on the Relation Between Acceleration and Intracranial Pressure Changes in Man.” Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics September 1960 329 338
- Eiband A. “Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Accelerations: A Summary of the Literature.” NASA Memorandum 5/19/59E June 1959
- Swearingen J. J. “Tolerances of the Human Face to Crash Impact.” Office of Aviation Medicine, FAA, Civil Aeromedical Research Institute Oklahoma City, Okla. July 1965
- Gurdjian E. S. Lissner H. R. Latimer F. R. Haddad B. F. Webster J. E. “Quantitative Determination of Acceleration and Intracranial Pressure in Experimental Head Injury, Preliminary Report.” Neurology 3 June 1953 417 423
- Lissner H. R. Gurdjian E. S. “Experimental Cerebral Concussion.” ASME October 1961
- Stapp J. P. Mosely D. Lombard C. F. Nelson G. Nichols G. Larmie F. “Analysis and Biodynamics of Selected Rocket-Sled Experiments. Part I. Biodynamics of Maximal Decelerations. Part II. Dynamic Response of Restrained Subjects During Abrupt Deceleration.” USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base Texas July 1964
- Sano K. Nakamura N. Hirakawa K. Masuzawa I. Hashizume K. Hayashi T. Fujii S. “Mechanism and Dynamics of Closed Head Injuries, Preliminary Report.” Neurologia Medico-chirurgica 9 1968 21 33
- Hodgson V. R. “Head Impact Response of Several Mammals Including the Human Cadaver.” Wayne State University 1968
- Thomas L. M. “Cerebral Concussion.” Modern Trends in Accident Surgery and Medicine-2 Butterworth & Co. Publishers, Limited 1970 111 119
- Hamon J. “Effectiveness of Safety Devices on Collision Consequences: A Fundamental Study.” Proceedings of Thirteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 28 paper 690802 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1969
- Hodgson V. R. Brinn J. Greenberg S. Thomas L. M. “Fracture Behavior of the Frontal Bone Against Cylindrical Surfaces.” Proceedings of Fourteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 33 paper 700909 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Mertz, H. J. Jr. “The Kinematics and Kinetics of Whiplash.” Wayne State University 1967
- Haley, J. L. Jr. “Fundamentals of Kinetics and Kinematics as Applied to Injury Reduction.” Impact Injury and Crash Protection Springfield, III. Charles C Thomas, Publisher 1970 423 441
- Slattenschek A. Tauffkirchen W. “Critical Evaluation of Assessment Methods for Head Impact Applied in Appraisal of Brain Injury Hazard, In Particular in Head Impact on Windshields.” 1970 International Automobile Safety Conference Compendium 30 paper 700426 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Hodgson V. R. “Physical Factors Related to Experimental Concussion.” Impact Injury and Crash Protection Springfield, III. Charles C Thomas, Publisher 1970 275 307
- Eiband A. “Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Acceleration: A Summary of the Literature.” NASA Memorandum 5-19-59E June 1959
- Stapp J. P. Mosely J. D. Lombard C. F. Nelson G. A. “Analysis and Biodynamics of Selected Rocket-Sled Experiments,” Part 1. USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base July 1964
- Sonntag, R. W. Jr. Newsom W. A. Leverett, S. D. Jr. Kirtland V. E. “Use of Contoured Restraint Systems in Exposure of Large Primates to - 150 G Impact,” Proceedings of Twelfth Stapp Car Crash Conference 26 paper 680778 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1968
- Ommaya A. et al. “Comparative Tolerances for Cerebral Concussion by Head Impact and Whiplash in Primates.” 1970 International Automotive Safety Conference Compendium 30 paper 700401 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Stapp J. P. “Tolerance to Abrupt Acceleration.” Collected Papers on Aviation Medicine London Butterworth Scientific Publications 1955
- Gadd C. W. “Examples of Needed Information in the Biomechanics Field.” Annual Meeting of American Association for Automotive Medicine Alamogordo, New Mexico November 1966
- Stapp J. P. “Voluntary Human Tolerance Levels.” Proceedings of Wayne Symposium on Impact Injury and Crash Protection Springfield, Ill. Charles C Thomas, Publisher 1970
- Patrick L. M. Trosien K. R. DuPont F. T. “Safety Performance of a Chemically Strengthened Windshield.” Paper 690485 SAE Mid-Year Meeting Chicago May 1969
- Snyder R. G. “Human Impact Tolerance.” 1970 International Automobile Safety Conference Compendium 30 paper 700398 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970
- Nahum A. M. Gadd C. W. Gatts J. D. Danforth J. “Impact Tolerance of the Skull and Face.” Proceedings of Twelfth Stapp Car Crash Conference 26 paper 680785 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1968
- Hodgson V. R. “Tolerance of the Facial Bones to Impact.” American Journal of Anatomy January 1967
- Patrick L. M. Lissner H. R. Gurdjian E. S. “Survival by Design-Head Protection.” The Seventh Stapp Car Crash Conference-Proceedings Springfield, Ill. Charles C Thomas, Publisher 1965
- Patrick L. M. Prevention of Instrument Panel and Windshield Injuries.” Proceedings of Symposium, Prevention of Highway Injury University of Michigan 1967
- Slattenschek A. Tauffkirchen W. “Critical Evaluation of Assessment Methods. . . .” 1970 International Automobile Safety Conference Compendium 30 paper 700426 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1970