This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Using Aluminum Alloy Strain Measurements
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A portable X-ray diffraction system was used to measure strain in 7039-T6, 6061-T6, and 2014-T6 aluminum alloy sheet stock, with X-ray elastic constants determined for these alloys. Residual stress estimates have been made as a contribution to the failure analysis of cracking in production parts.
The procedure used to make the stress estimates involves surface preparation by electropolishing, the preparation of three focused, back reflection photographs, data collection by microphotometer, and interpretation of the data by the “sin2 Ψ method.” A computer program has been written to calculate the slope of the line, Δd/d0 versus sin2 Ψ, from the positions of the lines on the films.
The crystalline structure of 2014-T6 aluminum alloy sheet stock is such that a large specimen sampling is required to obtain suitable strain measurements. The peculiarities of this material and the resulting effects are discussed, as well as the contribution of X-ray stress measurements to a stress corrosion study involving a launch vehicle part.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Caterpillar's Inertia Weld Process |
Technical Paper | The Lean and Agile Manufacturing Model |
Aerospace Standard | NUT, SELF LOCKING - DOUBLE HEXAGON, EXTENDED WASHER, UNS S66286, SILVER PLATED, UNJ THREAD |
Authors
Citation
Werkema, M., "Using Aluminum Alloy Strain Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 670153, 1967, https://doi.org/10.4271/670153.Also In
References
- Ricklefs R. E. Evans W. P. “Anomalous Residual Stresses.” Paper presented at Applications of X-Ray Analysis Fifteenth Annual Conference August 1966
- Barrett C. S. “Structure of Metals.” Second Edition New York McGraw-Hill 1952
- Cullity B. D. “Elements of X-Ray Diffraction.” Reading, Mass Addison-Wesley 1956
- Klug H. P. Alexander L. E. “X-Ray Diffraction Procedures.” New York John Wiley and Sons 1954
- Christensen, A. L. et al “Measurement of Stress by X-Ray.” 1960
- Vasil’ ev D. M. Smirnov B. I. “Certain X-Ray Diffraction Methods of Investigating Cold Worked Metals.” Soviet Physics Uspekhi 4 September–October 1961 226 259
- Macherauch E. “X-Ray Stress Analysis.” Experimental Mechanics 6 March 1966 140 153
- Natrella M. G. “Experimental Statistics.” NBS Handbook 91, U.S. Dept. of Commerce 1963
- Lihl F. “Changes in the State of Stress of Surfaces as a Result of Etching.” Archiv fur Metallkunde 1 1 1946 16 25
- Jacquet P. A. “Nondestructive Techniques for Macro and Micrographic Surface Examination of Metallic Specimens (Electrolytic Local Polishing and Replica Technique).” Proc. ASTM 57 1957 1290 1303
- Neri J. “Evaluation and Development of a Nondestructive Metallographic Technique.” December 1965
- Grossman L. N. Fulrath R. M. “X-Ray Strain Measurement Techniques for Ceramic Bodies.” J. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 44 November 1961 567 571
- Maloof S. R. “X-Ray Strain Measurement Technique with a Norelco Wide Range X-Ray Diffractometer.” Norelco Reporter 1 January–February 1954 35 39
- Weissman S. “Investigations of Crystalline Imperfections and Properties of Materials.” American Scientist 51 June 1963 193 226
- Weiss V. “Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook, Vol. II, Non-Ferrous Alloys.” Syracuse, N. Y. Syracuse Univ. Press 1964
- Agricola R.
- Beers Y. “Theory of Errors.” Reading, Mass Addison-Wesley 1957
- Hooker R. N. Waisman J. L. “Control of Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Airframe Components.” Corrosion 10 October 1954 325 334
- Boyd G. M. “Effects of Residual Stresses in Welded Structures.” Welding Journal 34 May 1955 216s 222s
- Parkins R. N. “Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Welded Joints.” Brit. Welding Journal 2 November 1955 495 501
- Haynie F. H. Boyd W. K. “Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys.” July 1 1966
- Masteller D.