This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Influence of Cooling Air-Path Restrictions on Fuel Consumption of a Series Hybrid Electric Off-Road Tracked Vehicle
Technical Paper
2023-01-1611
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Electrification of off-road vehicle powertrains can increase mobility, improve energy efficiency, and enable new utility by providing high amounts of electrical power for auxiliary devices. These vehicles often operate in extreme temperature conditions at low ground speeds and high power levels while also having significant cooling airpath restrictions. The restrictions are a consequence of having grilles and/or louvers in the airpath to prevent damage from the operating environment. Moreover, the maximum operating temperatures for high voltage electrical components, like batteries, motors, and power-electronics, can be significantly lower than those of the internal combustion engine. Rejecting heat at a lower temperature gradient requires higher flow rates of air for effective heat exchange to the operating environment at extreme temperature conditions. High airflow rates, coupled with significant airpath restrictions, result in significant cooling power requirements and increased fuel consumption. This simulation-based study evaluates an off-road series hybrid tracked vehicle over High-speed and Complex-terrain driving scenarios at high ambient temperatures. From this case study it is found that 4-6% of fuel is utilized to cool the vehicle without air-path restriction. When significant restrictions are added to the air-path, the total percentage of fuel consumed to cool the powertrain increased to 11-16%.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Sundar, A., Vannarath, A., Prucka, R., Zhu, Q. et al., "The Influence of Cooling Air-Path Restrictions on Fuel Consumption of a Series Hybrid Electric Off-Road Tracked Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-1611, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1611.Also In
References
- Perrone , D. , Rodinò , S. , Curcio , E. , Castiglione , T. et al. Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Active Grille Shutter Loads for Automotive Applications SAE Technical Paper 2022-37-0022 2022
- Cho , Y.-C. , Chang , C.-W. , Shestopalov , A. , and Tate , E. Optimization of Active Grille Shutters Operation for Improved Fuel Economy SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 10 2 2017 563 572 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1513
- Bouilly , J. , Lafossas , F. , Mohammadi , A. , and Van Wissen , R. Evaluation of Fuel Economy Potential of an Active Grille Shutter by the Means of Model Based Development Including Vehicle Heat Management SAE Int. J. Engines 8 5 2015 2394 2401 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-24-2536
- Feng , L. , Wikander , J. , and Li , Z. Fuel Minimization of the Electric Engine Cooling System with Active Grille Shutter by Iterative Quadratic Programming IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69 3 2020 2621 2635
- Raffa , C. , Schwarz , E. , and Tasdemir , J. Combat Vehicle Engine Selection Methodology Based on Vehicle Integration Considerations SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1545 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1545
- Traci , R.M. , Acebal , R. , and Mohler , T. Integrated Thermal Management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 35 1 1999 479 483
- Park , C.-W. and Jaura , A.K. Thermal Analysis of Cooling System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0710 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0710
- Park , S. and Jung , D. Numerical Modeling and Simulation of the Vehicle Cooling System for a Heavy Duty Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2421 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2421
- Park , S. and Jung , D. Design of Vehicle Cooling System Architecture for a Heavy Duty Series-Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Numerical System Simulations Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 132 9 2010
- Zhu , Q. , Kumar , A. , Sundar , A. , Egan , D. et al. Development of a Series Hybrid Electrified Powertrain for a High Speed Tracked Vehicle Based on Driving Cycle Simulation SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 4 4 2022 1403 1412 https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0367.
- Idelchik , I.E. Flow Resistance: A Design Guide for Engineers Routledge 2017
- American Cooling Systems 2022 https://www.americancooling.com/296-series/
- Lopes , S.M. and Geng , P. Estimation of Elemental Composition of Diesel Fuel Containing Biodiesel SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6 3 2013 668 676 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2600
- Nedungadi , A. , Masrur , A. , and Khalil , G. Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement Proceeding of 2012 NDIA Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium Troy, MI