This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Virtual Development of a Single-Cylinder Engine for High Efficiency by the Adoption of eFuels, Methanol, Pre-Chamber and Millerization
Technical Paper
2022-37-0018
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The new CO2 and emissions limits imposed to European manufacturers require the adoption of different innovative solutions, such as the use of potentially CO2-neutral synthetic fuels alongside a tailored development of the internal combustion engine, as an excellent solution to accompany the hybridization of vehicles.
Dr.Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG and FKFS, already partners for the development of engines with eFuels, propose a new study carried out on a research engine, investigating the combination of Porsche synthetic gasoline (POSYN) with an engine with millerization and passive pre-chamber. The use of CO2-neutral fuels allow for an immediate reduction in CO2 emissions from all cars already on the market, particularly since Porsche is one of the manufacturers whose cars remain in use for the longest time.
The data collected on a single-cylinder engine test bench, for different fuels, with conventional spark plug are used as input for the calibration of 3D-CFD simulations. The numerical study shows in detail the mixture formation, the turbulence in the cylinder and how to take advantage of the fuel cooling power by evaporation. Abnormal combustion is also studied by varying the ignition timing and evaluating the location of knock and its time-characteristics for the new engine concept.
A new pre-chamber design with asymmetrical holes is proposed and virtually tested in combination with synthetic fuel and methanol, for three high-load operating points. The injection strategy is optimized to support the turbulence at the electrode. Early intake valve closing timings are tested to increase knock resistance. Once methanol as a fuel is used, some optimizations in hardware are needed, in comparison to the adoption of regular gasoline. Particularly, a direct injector with higher mass flow and optionally a port fuel injector can be used to speed up the evaporation of methanol and mixture preparation.
The virtual development using different combination of fuels and hardware modifications led to a rise of engine indicated efficiency at high load from 39 % to 42 %, with constant engine compression ratio and stoichiometric combustion.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Vacca, A., Rossi, E., Cupo, F., Chiodi, M. et al., "Virtual Development of a Single-Cylinder Engine for High Efficiency by the Adoption of eFuels, Methanol, Pre-Chamber and Millerization," SAE Technical Paper 2022-37-0018, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-37-0018.Also In
References
- Dr. David Bothe und Theresa Steinfort, Frontier Economics Ltd. 2020
- Winterhagen , J. Six Theories on Climate Neutrality in the European Transport Sector Frankfurt Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen e.V. FVV 2021
- Fritsch , M. , Puls , T. , and Schaefer , T. 2021
- Albrecht , M. , Deeg , H.-P. , Schwarzental , D. , and Eilts , P. The Influence of Fuel Composition and Renewable Fuel Components on the Emissions of a GDI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2020-37-0025 2020 10.4271/2020-37-0025
- 2020 https://www.efuel-alliance.eu/en/efuels
- Kulzer , A.C. , Deeg , H.P. , Villforth , J. , Schwarzental , D. et al. Sustainable Mobility Using Fuels with Pathways to Low Emissions SAE Int. J. Advances & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 2 4 2020 1870 1892
- Villforth , J. , Kulzer , A. , Deeg , H.-P. , Vacca , A. et al. Methods to Investigate the Importance of eFuel Properties for Enhanced Emission and Mixture Formation SAE Technical Paper 2021-24-0017 2021 https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-24-0017
- Rossi , E. , Hummel , S. , Cupo , A. , Vacca , A. et al. Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Improved Mixture Formation of an eFuel Compared to a Standard Gasoline SAE Technical Paper 2021-24-0019 2021 https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-24-0019
- Villforth , J. , Kulzer , A.C. , Rossi , E. , Vacca , A. et al. Experimental and Numerical Identification and Optimization of eFuel Potentials on the Combustion Behavior and Engine Efficiency Stuttgart-Shanghai Symposium 2021
- Verhelst , S. , Turner , J.W. , Sileghem , L. , and Vancoillie , J. Methanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 70 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.10.001
- 2013
- Toulson , E. , Schock , H.J. and Attard , W.P. 2010
- Bunce , M. , Blaxill , H. , Kulatilaka , W. , and Jiang , N. The Effects of Turbulent Jet Characteristics on Engine Performance Using a Pre-Chamber Combustor SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1195 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1195
- Vacca , A. et al. Virtual Development of a New 3-Cylinder Natural Gas Engine with Active Pre-chambe Bargende , M. , Reuss , H.C. , and Wagner , A. 22th Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium. Proceedings Wiesbaden Springer Vieweg 2022
- Chiodi , M. 2010
- Villforth , J. , Feuerer , P. , Kulzer , A.C. , Rossi , E. et al. 2021
- Albrecht , M. , Deeg , H.-P. , Schwarzenthal , D. , and Eilts , P. Investigations of the Emissions of Fuels with Different Compositions and Renewable Fuel Components in a GDI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0285 2020 10.4271/2020-01-0285
- Vacca , A. , Bargende , M. , Chiodi , M. , Franken , T. et al. Analysis of Water Injection Strategies to Exploit the Thermodynamic Effects of Water in Gasoline Engines by Means of a 3D-CFD Virtual Test Bench SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0102 2019 10.4271/2019-24-0102
- Dums , K. , Deeg , H.-P. , Marques , M.R. , and Kulzer , A.C. Sustained CO 2 Reduction in Vehicle Traffic with Renewable Fuels Internationaler Motorenkongress 2020 Springer Vieweg 2020
- Mehl , M. , Pitz , W.J. , Westbrook , C.K. , and Curran , H.J. Kinetic Modeling of Gasoline Surrogate Components and Mixtures under Engine Conditions Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 2011 193 200
- Cupo , F. 2021