This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Autoignition and Sooting Characteristics of
Iso
-Octane and Ethanol in an Optical Rapid Compression Machine
Technical Paper
2022-01-0419
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
With the introduction of EV technology into the light-duty vehicle market, the demand for gasoline in conventional spark ignition engines is projected to decline in the coming decades. Therefore, researchers have been investigating the use of gasoline and other light fuels in heavy-duty engine applications. In heavy-duty engines, the combustion mode will likely be non-premixed, mixing-controlled combustion, where the rate of combustion is determined by the fuel-air mixing process. This creates a range of mixture conditions inside the engine cylinder at every instance in time. The goal of this research is to experimentally quantify the sooting behaviors of light fuels under a range of compression ignition engine mixture conditions (i.e., a range of equivalence ratios). Accordingly, an optical rapid compression machine (RCM) was used to compress charges of iso-octane and ethanol to autoignition conditions, which varied between a fuel-air equivalence ratio of 1.6 to 2.3 and 1.9 to 2.5, respectively. This equivalence ratio span showed a transition from non-sooting conditions to a limit where the burned mixture after combustion became optically thick, as measured by a line-of-sight laser extinction diagnostic. Data from the laser extinction diagnostic indicated that pure iso-octane begins to form measurable soot at an equivalence ratio of ~1.85, whereas pure ethanol begins forming soot at an equivalence ratio of ~2.2. If the data are compared on the basis of an oxygenated equivalence ratio, which accounts for fuel-bound oxygen, both fuels begin to form soot at a similar oxygenated equivalence ratio of ~1.85.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Kempf, J., Dempsey, A., and Allen, C., "Autoignition and Sooting Characteristics ofAlso In
References
- Hodari , D. and Boston , W. Gasoline Demand Has Peaked, Global Forecaster Says Wall Street Journal Mar. 17, 2021
- E. P. Agency https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/effects.html Oct. 22, 2021
- Dempsey , A.B. , Zeman , J. , and Wall , M. A System to Enable Mixing Controlled Combustion With High Octane Fuels Using a Prechamber and High-Pressure Direct Injector Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 2021 637665
- Magnotti , G. , Longman , D. , Som , S. , Blumreiter , J. et al. Mixing-Limited Combustion of Alcohol Fuels in a Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0552 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0552
- Dec , J.E. A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging* SAE Technical Paper 970873 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970873
- Raju , M. , Wang , M. , Dai , M. , Piggott , W. et al. Acceleration of Detailed Chemical Kinetics Using Multi-zone Modeling for CFD in Internal Combustion Engine Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0135 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0135
- Musculus , M.P. , Dec , J.E. , and Tree , D.R. Effects of Fuel Parameters and Diffusion Flame Lift-Off on Soot Formation in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0889 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0889
- Skeen , S. , Yasutomi , K. , Cenker , E. , Adamson , B. et al. Standardized Optical Constants for Soot Quantification in High-Pressure Sprays SAE Int. J. Engines 11 6 2018 805 816 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0233
- Kitsopanidis , I. and Cheng , W.K. Soot Formation Study in a Rapid Compression Machine J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 128 4 2006 942 10.1115/1.2180279
- Ketterer , J.E. and Cheng , W.K. A Study of Soot Formation in a Rapid Compression Machine at Conditions Representative of Cold-Fast-Idle in Spark Ignition Engines Int. J. Engine Res. 20 6 2019 670 677 10.1177/1468087418777663
- Sante , R. Laser Extinction Technique For Measurement of Carbon Particles Concentration During Combustion Optics and Lasers in Engineering , 783 789 2013 0143-8166
- Barak , S. , Rahman , R. , Naupane , S. , and Ninnemann , E. Measuring the Effectiveness of High-Performance Co-Optima Biofuels on Suppressing Soot Formation at High Temperature PNAS Journal 1920223117
- Mittal , G. , Burke , S. , Davies , V. , Parajuli , B. et al. Autoignition of Ethanol in a Rapid Compression Machine Combustion and Flame 161 2013 1164 1171 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.11.005
- Wadkar , C. , Chinnathambi , P. , and Toulson , E. Analysis of Rapid Compression Machine Facility Effects on the Auto-Ignition of Ethanol Fuel 264 2020 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116546
- Storch , M. , Zigan , L. , Wensing , M. , and Will , S. Systematic Investigation of the Influence of Ethanol Blending on Sooting Combustion in DISI Engines Using High-Speed Imaging and LII SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2617 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2617
- Neuman , J. Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies Marquette University 2015
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundementals 21 1988
- Burcat , A. , Goos , E. , and Ruscic , B. http://garfield.chem.elte.hu/Burcat/THERM.DAT
- Musculus , M.P.B. and Pickett , L.M. Diagnostic Considerations for Optical Laser-Extinction Measurements of Soot in High-Pressure Transient Combustion Environments Combustion and Flame 141 2005 371 391 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.01.013
- Pickett , L.M. and Siebers , D.L. Soot in Diesel Fuel Jets: Effects of Ambient Temperature, Ambient Density, and Injection Pressure Combustion and Flame 138 114 135 2004 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.006
- Mueller , C.J. The Quantification of Mixture Stoichiometry When Fuel Molecules Contain Oxidizer Elements or Oxidizer Molecules Contain Fuel Elements SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3705 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3705