This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Comparative Analysis of Protection Systems for DC Power Distribution in Electrified Vehicles
Technical Paper
2022-01-0135
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Electric transportation has the potential of mitigating CO2 emissions and reduce fuel needs. One of the challenges for the growth of this industry is limited range and efficiency of the vehicles associated with battery storage systems and electric drive technology. High voltage systems are expected to increase efficiency and then vehicle mileage, however this increases the severity of the fault conditions, especially in case of short circuit. Melting fuse is commonly used for the purpose of protection in electrified vehicles, while it is effective and reliable, there are several shortcomings such as lack of precision, effect of ambient temperature, bulky, interruption time depending on the fault condition etc. Additionally, the on-board DC power distribution system (PDS) is characterized by low impedance, in this environment fuses are not able to limit the fault current leading to damage of electronics and hazard for the battery pack. Thus, advanced protection systems such as pyro-fuses and solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB) are being considered by the industry since they are expected to reduce space, weight, fault-current interruption time and power loss of the protection mechanism by a significant factor. This paper seeks to perform a detailed comparative analysis of protection systems for a DC PDS based on various metrics including fault clearing time, cycling performance, power loss, temperature effect, size etc. The data used for the analysis is gathered from state-of-the-art commercially available devices and dynamic models developed using MATLAB Simulink.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bavishi, H., D'Arpino, M., Ramesh, P., Guezennec, Y. et al., "Comparative Analysis of Protection Systems for DC Power Distribution in Electrified Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0135, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0135.Also In
References
- Situ , L. Electric Vehicle Development: The Past, Present & Future 2009 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA) 2009 1 3 Guo , Q. and Liu , B. Simulation and Physical Measurement of Seamless Passenger Airbag Door Deployment SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0082 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0082
- Larminie , J. Electric Vehicle Technology Explained 2nd Wiley a John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Publication 2012 Morgan , R. , Scullion , P. , Nix , L. , Kan , C. Injury Risk Investigation of the Small, Rear-seat Occupant in Side Impact SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0092 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0092
- Sarlioglu , B. and Morris , C.T. More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 1 1 54 64 2015 10.1109/TTE.2015.2426499
- Wheeler , P. Technology for the More and All Electric Aircraft of the Future 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatica (ICA-ACCA) 2016 1 5 10.1109/ICA-ACCA.2016.7778519
- Rahrovi , B. and Ehsani , M. A Review of the More Electric Aircraft Power Electronics 2019 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC) 2019 1 6 10.1109/TPEC.2019.8662158
- Cheng , K.W.E. Recent Development on Electric Vehicles 2009 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA) Hong Kong, China 2009 1 5
- Barzkar , A. and Ghassemi , M. Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review IEEE Access 8 2020 169314 169332 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3024168
- Naayagi , R.T. A Review of More Electric Aircraft Technology International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability 2013 2013 750 753 10.1109/ICEETS.2013.6533478
- Puviwatnangkurn , W. , Tanboonjit , B. and Fuengwarodsakul , N.H. Overcurrent Protection Scheme of BMS for Li-Ion Battery Used in Electric Bicycles 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology Krabi, Thailand 2013 1 5 10.1109/ECTICon.2013.6559591
- Koprivsek , M. Advanced Solutions in Over-Current Protection of Hvdc Circuit of Battery-Powered Electric Vehicle PCIM Europe 2018; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management 2018 1 4
- Ziyue , Z. , Haihong , Q. , Xin , N. , Dafeng , F. and Huajuan , X. Status and Development of Overcurrent Protection Devices for more Electric Aircraft Applications 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia) 2016 1951 1957 10.1109/IPEMC.2016.7512594
- Peng , C. et al. Development of Medium Voltage Solid-State Fault Isolation Devices for Ultra-Fast Protection of Distribution Systems IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2014 5169 5176 10.1109/IECON.2014.7049287
- Shen , Z.J. , Miao , Z. and Roshandeh , A.M. Solid State Circuit Breakers for DC Micrgrids: Current Status and Future Trends 2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) 2015 228 233 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152044
- Flynn , M. et al. Protection and Fault Management Strategy Maps for Future Electrical Propulsion Aircraft IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 5 4 1458 1469 2019 10.1109/TTE.2019.2940882
- Tourn , D.H. , and Gomez , J.C. 2016
- Sturk , D. , Gustafsson , P. , Holgers , A. , Sundmark , H. , et al. 2015
- Almutairy , I.
- Tian , W. , Chengwei Lei , Y. Zhang , D. Li , R.F. and Winter , R. Data Analysis and Optimal Specification of Fuse Model for Fault Study in Power Systems 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) 2016 1 5 10.1109/PESGM.2016.7741864
- https://www.littelfuse.com/~/media/automotive/catalogs/littelfuse_fuseology.pdf
- Kulkarni , M. , Vaidya , A. and Karwa , P. I2t derivation for Electrical Safety (EV) 2015 IEEE International Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC) Chennai, India 2015 1 3 10.1109/ITEC-India.2015.7386882
- Gómez , Juan Tourn , Daniel 2016 New Application Rules for Fuses in Low and MediumVoltage Grids having Distributed Generation Renewable Energy and Power Quality 760 763 10.24084/repqj14.447
- Sakuraba , T. , Ouaida , R. , Chen , S. and Chailloux , T. Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Protection Based on Pyroswitch and Fuse Technologies 2018 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018 -ECCE Asia) Niigata, Japan 2018 2153 2157 10.23919/IPEC.2018.8507793
- https://www.c3controls.com/white-paper/basics-of-contactors/
- https://www.rec-bms.com/datasheet/Technical_datasheet_Kilovac.pdf
- https://chargedevs.com/features/a-closer-look-at-contactors/
- https://www3.panasonic.biz/ac/e/control/relay/vehicle/ev$_$special/index.jsp
- Ouaida , R. , de Palma , J.F. , Gonthier , G. Hybrid Protection based on Pyroswitch and Fuse Technologies for DC Applications Symposium de Genie Electrique Jun 2016 Grenoble, France
- https://www.autoliv.com/sites/default/files/PSS-4_DataSheet_07-2021_Rev017.pdf
- Sturk , D. et al. 2015
- Kamtip , S. and Bhumkittipich , K. Comparison Between Mechanical Circuit Breaker and Solid State Circuit Breaker Under Abnormal Conditions for Low Voltage Systems 2015 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) Pattaya, Thailand 2015 1091 1096 10.1109/ICEMS.2015.7385200
- Tan , K. , Liu , P. , Ni , X. , Peng , C. et al. Performance evaluation of multiple Si and SiC solid state devices for circuit breaker application in 380VDC delivery system IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016 2016 983 989 10.1109/APEC.2016.7467990
- Meyer , C. , Kowal , M. , and De Doncker , R.W. Circuit Breaker Concepts for Future High-Power DC-Applications Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005 Industry Applications Conference Hong Kong, China 2005 860 866 2 10.1109/IAS.2005.1518439
- https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/products/electrical-circuit-protection/bussmann-iec-high-speed-semi-conductors-fuses/bussmann-iec-electric-vehicles-high-speed-fuses/eaton-bussmann-series-square-body-electric-vehicles-fuses-ca135003en-en-gb.pdf
- https://www.autoliv.com/sites/default/files/PSS-X2_DataSheet_07-2021_Rev001.pdf
- https://www.littelfuse.com/products/dc-solenoids-and-relays/high-voltage-dc-contactor-relays/dcnev250/dcnev250-m.aspx
- https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-FS380R12A6T4B-DataSheet-v03_01-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d4626da6c043016db9e750e268b1
- https://www.magnelab.com/products/hall-effect-current-transducer-ht800m-series/
- http://en.fullymax.com/
- https://www.mathworks.com/help/physmod/sps/ug/three-phase-pmsm-drive.html
- https://ep-us.mersen.com/products/series/protistorr-size-122-ar-2000vdc
- https://www.te.com/usa-en/about-te/news-center/adm-2015-08-khr500-hv-600amp-contactors.html
- https://ep-us.mersen.com/products/product/v079437-d70sf120v40qf
- https://m.littelfuse.com/~/media/electronics/application_notes/littelfuse_power_semi_dc_breaker_for_igbt_application_note.pdf.pdf
- https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/power/igbt/igbt-modules/ff800r17ke3/
- https://content.kemet.com/datasheets/KEM_F3048_C4BS.pdf
- https://industrial.panasonic.com/ww/products/pt/surge-components
- Rahimi-Eichi , H. , Baronti , F. and Chow , M. Online Adaptive Parameter Identification and State-of-Charge Coestimation for Lithium-Polymer Battery Cells IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61 4 2053 2061 2014 10.1109/TIE.2013.2263774