This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Exploring the use of water injection to control the combustion and expand the operation load of an ethanol HCCI engine
Technical Paper
2021-36-0053
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
SAE BRASIL 2021 Web Forum
Language:
English
Abstract
Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is an emerging technology that offers an alternative to conventional spark and compression ignition. A highly discussed LTC mode is homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), which consists in a combustion of a highly diluted well-mixed charge at the end of compression stroke, when the charge reaches the auto-ignition state. Since HCCI is an LTC mode, it can result in low NOX emissions with an indicated efficiency comparable to a diesel engine. Otherwise, there are some challenges to overcome such as achieving high loads without knocking and combustion timing control. Several methods to control the combustion had been investigated, between them, the injection of water may be useful to extend HCCI knock free operation and to enable combustion phasing control. This work investigated the influence of water injection in the intake of an ethanol HCCI cylinder from a converted diesel generator set. The EGR, used in HCCI, was obtained via total recirculation of exhaust gas from a diesel cylinder. The results indicated that the combustion without water injection tended to start considerably before TDC with a very fast combustion and abrupt heat release rates causing knock. As consequence, the ringing intensity values were higher than the acceptable and the operational load was limited. It has been found that the water injection in the HCCI combustion retarded the combustion and increased its duration, preventing knock. The highest indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) achieved was of 6.0 bar with a ringing intensity around 5.5 MW/m2 with indicated efficiency of about 40%. Finally, the water injection proved to be an efficient strategy to control the combustion timing and to expand the operation range by controlling mixture's reactivity and intake temperature.
Authors
- Guilherme Y. Zulian - Federal University of Santa Maria
- Lincoln M. do Prado F. - Federal University of Santa Maria
- Roberto A. Garlet - Federal University of Santa Maria
- Mario E. S. Martins - Federal University of Santa Maria
- Thompson D. M. Lanzanova - Federal University of Santa Maria
- Giovani D. Telli - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
Topic
Citation
Zulian, G., do Prado F., L., Garlet, R., Martins, M. et al., "Exploring the use of water injection to control the combustion and expand the operation load of an ethanol HCCI engine," SAE Technical Paper 2021-36-0053, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-36-0053.Also In
References
- United Nations 2015 FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1
- Organization , W.H. 2005 WHO/SDE/PHE/OEH/06.02
- Reay , D. , Sabine , C. , Smith , P. , and Hymus , G. Spring-time for sinks Nature 446 7137 727 728 2007 10.1038/446727a
- European Environment Agency 2013
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Global Emissions by Gas Global Emissions Gas Emiss. 2014 1–6 2017
- Bendu , H. and Sivalingam , M. Experimental investigation on the effect of charge temperature on ethanol fueled HCCI combustion engine J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 30 10 4791 4799 2016 10.1007/s12206-016-0951-6
- Martins , M. , Perin , A. , Prante , G. , Pinto , D. , Dalla Nora , M. , and Machado , P.R.M. HCCI of wet ethanol on dedicated cylinder of a diesel engine using exhaust heat recovery SAE Tech. Pap. (September) 2018 10.4271/2018-36-0191
- Gainey , B. , Yan , Z. , and Lawler , B. Autoignition characterization of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol over a wide range of operating conditions in LTC/HCCI Fuel 287 October 2020 119495 2021 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119495
- Maurya , R.K. and Agarwal , A.K. Experimental investigations of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol and methanol fueled HCCI engine Fuel Process. Technol. 126 30 48 2014 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.031
- Telli , G.D. , Altafini , C.R. , Costa , C.A. , Rosa , J.S. , and Martins , M.E. A comprehensive review of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines : Advantages, challenges and evolution 1 12 2020
- Krishnamoorthi , M. , Malayalamurthi , R. , He , Z. , and Kandasamy , S. A review on low temperature combustion engines: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev 116 September 2019 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109404
- Zhao , H. HCCI and CAI engines for the automotive industry 9781626239777 2007
- Khandal , S. V. , Banapurmath , N.R. , Gaitonde , V.N. , and Hiremath , S.S. Paradigm shift from mechanical direct injection diesel engines to advanced injection strategies of diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines- A comprehensive review Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 70 March 2015 369 384 2017 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.058
- Souza , J. , Eduardo , M. , Martins , S. , Dambros , G. , Roberto , C. , Roberto , P. , Alberto , L. , and Rocha , O. Exploring the effects of diesel start of injection and water-in-ethanol concentration on a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine Fuel 281 May 118751 2020 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118751
- Mikulski , M. , Ramesh , S. , and Bekdemir , C. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition for clean and efficient ship propulsion Energy 182 1173 1192 2019 10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.091
- Zhou , L. , Hua , J. , Liu , F. , Liu , F. , Feng , D. , and Wei , H. Effect of internal exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion characteristics of gasoline compression ignition engine under low to idle conditions Energy 164 306 315 2018 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.109
- Esfahanian , V. , Salahi , M.M. , Gharehghani , A. , and Mirsalim , M. Extending the lean operating range of a premixed charged compression ignition natural gas engine using a pre-chamber Energy 119 1181 1194 2017 10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.071
- Jain , A. , Singh , A.P. , and Agarwal , A.K. Effect of split fuel injection and EGR on NOx and PM emission reduction in a low temperature combustion (LTC) mode diesel engine Energy 122 249 264 2017 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.050
- Agarwal , A.K. , Singh , A.P. , and Maurya , R.K. Evolution, challenges and path forward for low temperature combustion engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 61 1 56 2017 10.1016/j.pecs.2017.02.001
- Zheng , J. and Caton , J.A. Effects of operating parameters on nitrogen oxides emissions for a natural gas fueled homogeneous charged compression ignition engine (HCCI): Results from a thermodynamic model with detailed chemistry Appl. Energy 92 386 394 2012 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.025
- Zhang , Y. , Mathieu , O. , Petersen , E.L. , Bourque , G. , and Curran , H.J. Assessing the predictions of a NOx kinetic mechanism on recent hydrogen and syngas experimental data Combust. Flame 182 x 122 141 2017 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.019
- Gharehghani , A. Load limits of an HCCI engine fueled with natural gas, ethanol, and methanol Fuel 239 April 2018 1001 1014 2019 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.066
- Telli , G.D. , Zulian , G.Y. , Stefanello , S.R. , Lanzanova , T.D.M. , Martins , M.E.S. , and Rocha , L.A.O. Preliminary Study of Water Injection on the Combustion and Emissions Characteristics in a Hcci Ethanol Engine Rev. Eng. Térmica 19 2 50 2020 10.5380/reterm.v19i2.78615
- Valero-Marco , J. , Lehrheuer , B. , López , J.J. , and Pischinger , S. Study of the engine configuration effect on the maximum achievable load in CAI using water injection Int. J. Engine Res. 2020 10.1177/1468087420960858
- Iwashiro , Y. , Tsurushima , T. , Nishijima , Y. , Asaumi , Y. , and Aoyagi , Y. Fuel consumption improvement and operation range expansion in HCCI by direct water injection SAE Tech. Pap. 2002 724 2002 10.4271/2002-01-0105
- Valero-Marco , J. , Lehrheuer , B. , López , J.J. , and Pischinger , S. Potential of water direct injection in a CAI/HCCI gasoline engine to extend the operating range towards higher loads Fuel 231 May 317 327 2018 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.093
- Ahari , M.F. and Neshat , E. Advanced analysis of various effects of water on natural gas HCCI combustion, emissions and chemical procedure using artificial inert species Energy 171 842 852 2019 10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.059
- Gohn , J. , Gainey , B. , Zainul , S. , and Lawler , B. Wet ethanol in LTC: How water fraction and DTBP affect combustion and intake temperature at naturally aspirated and boosted conditions Fuel 267 September 2019 117094 2020 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117094
- Stone , R. Introduction to internal combustion engine second edi MACMILLAN PRESS LTD 0-0333-74013-0 1999
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals second edi McGraw-Hill 978-1-26-011611-3 2018
- Eng , J.A. Characterization of pressure waves in HCCI combustion SAE Tech. Pap. 724 2002 10.4271/2002-01-2859
- Maurya , R.K. Reciprocating Engine Combustion Diagnostics 978-3-030-11953-9 2019
- Du , G. , Wang , Z. , Wang , D. , Wang , X. , and Fu , X. Study on the effect of water addition on combustion characteristics of a HCCI engine fueled with natural gas Fuel 270 February 117547 2020 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117547