This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Behaviors of Spray Droplets with and without Flat Wall Impingement
Technical Paper
2021-24-0058
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Fuel spray impingement on the combustion chamber wall cannot be avoid in direct injection gasoline engines, resulting in insufficient combustion and unburned hydrocarbon/soot emissions from the engines. And the microscopic characteristics of the impinging spray have a close relation with the fuel film formation, which has a direct effect on the engine performance and emissions. Therefore, figuring out the droplet behaviors of the impinging spray is significantly important for improving the engine performance and reducing emissions. However, the microscopic characteristics of the impinging spray have not been deeply understood and the differences between the impinging and free spray are seldom mentioned in previous study. Therefore, particle image analysis (PIA) technique was applied to detect the microscopic characteristics at the capture location in order to track the droplet behaviors of the spray tip during the propagation process. Toluene as the test fuel is injected by a mini-sac injector with a single hole in this work. Firstly, the difference of the impinging and free spray is compared at three spray tip locations. Secondly, the droplet behaviors of the impinging spray were further acquired at five locations. Results showed that compared to the free spray, the impinging spray had smaller velocities at all penetration locations, which was caused by the interaction between spray and impingement wall. And the droplet diameter and Weber number (We) of the impinging and free spray were also analyzed. Moreover, droplet spatial distribution of the impinging spray was investigated. And the “secondary droplet” behavior was estimated by dimensionless numbers. The “secondary droplets” almost located at the “splash region” according to Bai models. Most of the “secondary droplets” splashed from the cylinder wall due to the strong interaction. And some droplets located at the “spread region”, which indicated “secondary droplets” would deposit on the cylinder wall.
Authors
Topic
Citation
CHANG, F., LUO, H., Zhan, C., Nishida, K. et al., "Behaviors of Spray Droplets with and without Flat Wall Impingement," SAE Technical Paper 2021-24-0058, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-24-0058.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Cheng , W. , Hamrin , D. , Heywood , J. , Hochgreb , S. et al. An Overview of Hydrocarbon Emissions Mechanisms in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 932708 1993 https://doi.org/10.4271/932708
- Stevens , E. and Steeper , R. Piston Wetting in an Optical DISI Engine: Fuel Films, Pool Fires, and Soot Generation SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1203 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1203
- Park , K. and Kim , B.-H. Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Injection Pressure Variation on Free Spray and Impaction Spray Characteristics KSME Int. J. 14 2000 236 250 10.1007/BF03184790.
- Lee , C.H. and Lee , K.H. Experimental Study on Macroscopic Spray Characteristics after Impingement in a Slit-Type GDI Injector Internal Journal of Automotive Technology 9 3 2008 373 380 10.1007/s12239-008-0045-2.
- Zhai , C. , Jin , Y. , Nishida , K. et al. Diesel Spray and Combustion of Multi-Hole Injectors with Micro-Hole under Ultra-High Injection Pressure-Non-Evaporating Spray Characteristics Fuel 283 2021 119322 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119322
- Park , S.W. and Lee , C.S. Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics of a Fuel Spray Impinged on the Wall Exp Fluids 37 2004 745 762 10.1007/s00348-004-0866-3.
- Feng , Z. , Tang , C. , Yin , Y. , Zhang , P. et al. Time-Resolved Droplet Size and Velocity Distributions in a Dilute Region of a High-Pressure Pulsed Diesel Spray Int J Heat Mass Transfer 133 2019 745 755 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.147
- Lee , S. and Park , S. Experimental Study on Spray Break-Up and Atomization Processes from GDI Injector Using High Injection Pressure up to 30 MPa Int J Heat Fluid Flow 45 2014 14 2210.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2013.11.005
- Wang , Z. , Guo , H. , Wang , C. , Xu , H. et al. Microscopic Level Study on the Spray Impingement Process and Characteristics Appl Energy 197 2017 114 123 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.014.
- Luo , H. , Wang , C. , Nishida , K. , Ogata , Y. et al. Droplet Behaviors of DI Gasoline Wall Impinging Spray by Spray Slicer SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1152 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1152
- Luo , H. , Jin , Y. , Nishida , K. , Ogata , Y. et al. Microscopic Characteristics of Impinging Spray Sliced by a Cone Structure Under Increased Injection Pressures Fuel 284 2021 119033 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119033
- Meng , Y. , Zhang , Z. , Yin , H. , and Ma , T. Automatic Detection of Particle Size Distribution by Image Analysis Based on Local Adaptive Canny Edge Detection and Modified Circular Hough Transform Micron 106 2017 34 41 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.002
- Baştan , M. , Bukhari , S.S. , and Breuel , T. Active Canny: Edge Detection and Recovery with Open Active Contour Models IET Image Process. 11 12 2017 1325 1332 10.1049/iet-ipr.2017.0336.
- Luo , H. , Nishida , K. , Uchitomi , S. , Ogata , Y. et al. Microscopic Behavior of Spray Droplets under Flat-Wall Impinging Condition Fuel 219 2018 467 476 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.059.
- Luo , H. , Chang , F. , Zhan , C. , Nishida , K. et al. Microscopic Characteristics of Multiple Droplets Behaviors at the Near-Wall Region During the Quasi-Steady State Fuel 286 2021 0016 2361 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119431
- Wang , C. , Wang , Y. , Zhu , J. , Long , W. et al. Design and Application of an Algorithm for Measuring Particle Velocity Based on Multiple Characteristics of a Particle Fuel 271 2020 1 15 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117605.
- Zhan , C. , Luo , H. , Chang , F. , Nishida , K. et al. Experimental Study on the Droplet Characteristics in the Spray Tip Region: Comparison Between the Free and Impinging Spray Exp Therm Fluid Sci 121 2021 0894 1777 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110288
- Kékesi , T. , Amberg , G. , and Prahl Wittberg , L. Drop Deformation and Breakup Int J Multiphase Flow 66 2014 1 10 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2014.06.006
- Feng , Z. , Zhan , C. , Tang , C. , Yang , K. et al. Experimental Investigation on Spray and Atomization Characteristics of Diesel/Gasoline/Ethanol Blends in High Pressure Common Rail Injection System Energy 112 2016 549 561 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.131
- Moreira , A.L.N. , Moita , A.S. , and Panao , M.R. Advances and Challenges in Explaining Fuel Spray Impingement: How Much of Single Droplet Impact Research Is Useful? Prog Energy Combust Sci 36 2010 554 580 10.1016/j.pecs.2010.01.002
- Luo , H. , Ogata , Y. , and Nishida , K. Effects of Droplet Behaviors on Fuel Adhesion of Flat Wall Impinging Spray Injected by a DISI Injector SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0034 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0034
- Bai , C. , Rusche , H. , and Gosman , A.D. Modeling of Gasoline Spray Impingement Atomization Sprays 12 2002 1 27 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v12.i123.10.