This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Chemistry of the Brake Emissions: Influence of the Test Cycle
Technical Paper
2021-01-1300
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The reliable chemical characterization of non-exhaust emissions generated by brakes is of fundamental importance in order to provide correct information for source apportionment studies as well as for their toxicological and environmental assessment. Nowadays, the best option to obtain samples of PM10 emissions composed only by material worn from the tribological interface, i.e. the braking disc (BD) and the friction material (FM) rubbing surfaces, is to sample them on suitable collection filters at a dedicated dyno-bench, during a standard braking test cycle. In particular, the use of enclosed dyno-bench is necessary for excluding other spurious contributions from the environment, while defined test cycles are necessary to simulate standard driving conditions. Nevertheless, different braking cycles are usually characterized by different overall temperature profiles or energy parameters, which in the end have significant influence on the wear and the oxidation of the materials involved in the tribological event. Thus, when collection is performed at the dyno-bench, the chemical composition of the PM10 emissions is expected to be influenced by the temperature and the test cycle. At this regard, the work investigates the difference in terms of chemical composition of PM10 samples generated by two tribo-couples (standard cast iron BD coupled respectively with standard ECE R90 FM and prototypal FM based on inorganic binder) during the 3h-LACT and the WLTP-Brake test cycles. More in detail, a wide physico-chemical characterization performed by SEM/EDXS and XRD analysis is used to unveil how braking cycles influence both the elemental and phase composition of the generated emissions. This will provide useful insights regarding the correlation between driving conditions, relative consumption of the tribological interface and chemistry of the emitted particulates.
Authors
- Alessandro Mancini - Brembo Spa
- Bozhena Tsyupa - Brembo Spa
- Sonia Pin - Brembo Spa
- Marco Bandiera - Brembo Spa
- Federico Bertasi - Brembo Spa
- Matteo Federici - Brembo Spa
- Andrea Bonfanti - Brembo Spa
- Guido Perricone - Brembo Spa
- Lara Gigli - Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste
- Ezio Bolzacchini - University of Milano Bicocca
Topic
Citation
Mancini, A., Tsyupa, B., Pin, S., Bandiera, M. et al., "Chemistry of the Brake Emissions: Influence of the Test Cycle," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-1300, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1300.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 |
Also In
References
- European Environment Agency Air Quality in Europe - 2020 Report 2020
- World Health Organization WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide - Global Update 2005 Geneva 2020
- Kukutschova , J. and Filip , P. Non-Exhaust Emissions - Chapter 6: Review of Brake Wear Emissions Elsevier 2018 123 146 10.1016/b978-0-12-811770-5.00006-6
- European Council Directive 2008/50/EC Bruxelles 2008
- European Commision Commission Regulation (EU) N°459/2012 Bruxelles 2012
- Pant , P. and Harrison , R.M. Estimation of the Contribution of Road Traffic Emissions to Particulate Matter Concentrations from Field Measurements: A Review Atmos. Environ. 77 2013 78 97 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028
- Suleiman , A. , Tight , M.R. , and Quinn , A.D. Assessment and Prediction of the Impact of Road Transport on Ambient Concentrations of Particulate Matter PM10 Transp. Res. Part D 49 2016 301 312 10.1016/j.trd.2016.10.010
- Grigoratos , T. and Martini , G. Brake Wear Particle Emissions: a Review Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 22 2015 2491 2504 10.1007/s11356-014-3696-8
- Garg , B.D. , Cadle , S.H. , Mulawa , P.A. , and Groblicki , P.J. Brake Wear Particulate Matter Environ. Science & Tech. 34 21 2000 4463 4469 10.1021/es001108h
- Alemani , M. , Nosko , O. , Metinoz , I. , and Olofsson , U. A Study on Emission of Airborne Wear Particles from Car Brake Friction Pairs SAE Int. J. Mat. and Man. 1 2016 147 157 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2665
- Kukutschova , J. , Moravec , P. , Tomasek , V. , Matejka , V. et al. On Airborne Nano/Micro-Sized Wear Particles Released from Low-Metallic Automotive Brakes Environmental Pollution 159 4 2011 998 1006 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.036
- Verma , P.C. , Alemani , M. , Gialanella , S. , Luterotti , L. et al. Braking Pad-Disc System: Wear Mechanism and Formation of Wear Fragments Wear 322-323 2015 251 258 10.1016/j.wear.2014.11.019
- Menapace , C. , Mancini , A. , Federici , M. , Straffelini , G. et al. Characterization of Airborne Wear Debris Produced by Brake Pads Pressed against HVOF-Coated Discs Friction 8 2 2020 421 432 10.1007/s40544-019-0284-4
- Mancini , A. , Tsyupa , B. , Pin , S. , Bertasi , F. , et al. Novel Approaches for Physico-Chemical Characterization of Brake Emissions 2021
- Figliuzzi , M. , Tironi , M. , Longaretti , L. , Mancini , A. et al. Copper-dependent Biological Effects of Particulate Matter Produced by Brake Systems on Lung Alveolar Cells Archives of Toxicology 94 2020 2965 2979 10.1007/s00204-020-02812-4
- Maiorana , S. , Teoldi , F. , Silvani , S. , Mancini , A. et al. Phytotoxicity of Wear Debris From Traditional and Innovative Brake Pads Environ. Int. 123 2019 156 163 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.057
- Perricone , G. , Wahlstrom , J. , and Olofsson , U. Towards a Test Stand for Standardized Measurements of the Brake Emissions Proc. I. Mech. E., Part D: J. Automobile Engineering 2015 1 8 10.1177/0954407015616025
- Perricone , G. , Alemani , M. , Metinoz , I. , Matejka , V. et al. Towards the Ranking of Airborne Particle Emissions from car Brakes - a System Approach Proc. I. Mech. E., Part D: J. Automobile Engineering 2016 1 17 10.1177/0954407016662800
- Mathissen , M. and Evans , C. Lowbrasys Brake Wear Cycle - 3h LACT Mendeley 2019 10.17632/4cgs6myx9d.1
- Mathissen , M. , Grochowicz , J. , Schmidt , C. , Vogt , R. et al. WLTP-based Real World Brake Wear Cycle Mendeley 2019 10.17632/dkp376g3m8.1
- Rebuffi , L. , Plaisier , J.R. , Abdellatief , M. , Lausi , A. et al. MCX: A Synchrotron Radiation Beamline for X-Ray Diffraction Line Profile Analyis Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 640 2014 3100 3106 10.1002/zaac.201400163
- Gates-Rector , S. and Blanton , T. The Powder Diffraction File: a Quality Materials Characterization Database Powder Diff. 34 4 2019 352 360 10.1017/S0885715619000812
- Rigaku PDXL Software 2018
- Alemani , M. , Wahlstrom , J. , and Olofsson , U. On the Influence of Car Brake System Parameters on Particulate Matter Emissions Wear 396-397 2018 67 74 10.1016/j.wear.2017.11.011