This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Parametric Study to Optimize Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation under Low Load Condition Using CFD
Technical Paper
2021-01-0440
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
SAE WCX Digital Summit
Language:
English
Abstract
The effects of intake pressure (Pin), start of injection (SOI), injection pressure (Pinj), injection split ratio (Qsplit), internal and external exhaust gas recirculation rates were varied to optimize several key parameters at a partially pre-mixed combustion low load/low speed condition using CFD. These include indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), combustion phasing (CA50), maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR), maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax), indicated specific NOx (sNOx), indicated specific hydrocarbons (sHC) and Filter Smoke Number (FSN) emissions. Low-load point (6 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM)) was selected where Pin varied between 1.25 and 1.5 bar, SOI between -100 and -10 crank angle degree (CAD) after top dead center (aTDC), Pinj between 100 and 200 bar, split ratio between 0 and 0.5, EGR between 0 and 45% and internal EGR measured by rebreathing valve height was varied between 0 and 4.5 mm.
The study concluded that both internal and external exhaust gas recirculation along with moderate intake pressure and relatively early SOIs (-70 to -40 CAD aTDC) were necessary to realize acceptable combustion performance while meeting the emissions targets at this speed/load point.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Badra, J., Alhussaini, A., Sim, J., Viollet, Y. et al., "Parametric Study to Optimize Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation under Low Load Condition Using CFD," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0440, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0440.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 |
Also In
References
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) International Energy Outlook 2018 Washington, DC 2018
- Kalghatgi , G.T. The outlook for fuels for internal combustion engines ," J. Engine Res. 2014 10.1177/1468087414526189
- Leach , F. , Kalghatgi , G. , Stone , R. , and Miles , P. The Scope for Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Impact of Internal Combustion Engines Transportation Engineering 1 100005 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2020.100005
- Gadonneix , P. , Sambo , A. , Tieānan , L. , Choudhury , A.R. , et al. Global Transport Scenarios 2050 London World Energy Council 2011
- Viollet , Y. , Chang , J. , and Kalghatgi , G. Compression Ratio and Derived Cetane Number Effects on Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Running with Naphtha Fuels SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr 7 2 412 426 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1301
- Chang , J. , Kalghatgi , G. , Amer , A. , and Viollet , Y. Enabling High Efficiency Direct Injection Engine with Naphtha Fuel through Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0677 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0677
- Chang , J. , Viollet , Y. , Amer , A. , and Kalghatgi , G. Fuel Economy Potential of Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) Combustion with Naphtha Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2701 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0677
- Zhang , Y. , Pei , Y. , Engineer , N. , Cho , K. et al. CFD-Guided Combustion Strategy Development for a Higher Reactivity Gasoline in a Light-Duty Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0740 2017 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0740
- Zhang , F. , Xu , H. , Zeraati Rezaei , S. , Kalghatgi , G. et al. Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a PPCI Engine Fuelled with Dieseline SAE technical Paper 2012-01-1138 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1138
- Zhang , Q. , Ogren , R.M. , and Kong , S.-C. A Comparative Study of Biodiesel Engine Performance Optimization Using Enhanced Hybrid PSO-GA and Basic GA Appl. Energy 165 676 684 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.044
- Zhang , Y. , Voice , A. , Tzanetakis , T. , Traver , M. et al. An Evaluation of Combustion and Emissions Performance With Low Cetane Naphtha Fuels in a Multicylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 138 10 102805 102805 2016 10.1115/1.4032879
- Won , H. , Bouet , A. , Manente , V. , Kermani , J. , et al. Potential of GCI Technology - Higher Reactivity Gasoline Fuel to Reduce CO2 Footprint of a Euro6d Compliant Passenger Vehicle 40th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2019 Vienna, Austria
- Badra , J. , Sim , J. , Viollet , Y. and Zhang , Y. , et al. CFD Guided Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Calibration Proceedings of the 2017 ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 2017 Seattle, Washington, USA 10.1115/ICEF2017-3583
- Pei , Y. , Pal , P. , Zhang , Y. , Traver , M. et al. CFD-Guided Combustion System Optimization of a Gasoline Range Fuel in a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine Using Automatic Piston Geometry Generation and a Supercomputer SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 1 1 166 179 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0001
- Cho , K. , Zhang , Y. , and Cleary , D.J. Investigation of fuel Effects on Combustion Characteristics of Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) Combustion Mode at Part-Load Operations SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0665 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0665
- Badra , J. , Elwardany , A. , Sim , J. , Viollet , Y. et al. Effects of In-Cylinder Mixing on Low Octane Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0762 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0762
- Badra , J. , Khaled , F. , Tang , M. , Pei , Y. , et al. Engine Combustion System Optimization Using CFD and Machine Learning: A Methodological Approach Proceedings of the ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference 2019 Chicago, IL, USA 10.1115/ICEF2019-7238
- Atef , N. , Badra , J. , Jaasim , M. , Im , H.G. et al. Numerical Investigation of Injector Geometry Effects on Fuel Stratification in a GCI Engine Fuel 214 580 589 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.036
- Badra , J.A. , Sim , J. , Elwardany , A. , Jaasim , M. et al. Numerical Simulations of Hollow-Cone Injection and Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion With Naphtha Fuels J. Energy Resour. Technol. 138 5 052202 052202 2016 10.1115/1.4032622
- Badra , J. , Viollet , Y. , Elwardany , A. , Im , H.G. et al. Physical and Chemical Effects of Low Octane Gasoline Fuels on Compression Ignition Combustion Appl. Energy 183 1197 1208 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.060
- Sim , J. , Badra , J. , Elwardany , A. , and Im , H.G. Spray Modeling for Outwardly-Opening Hollow-Cone Injector SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0844 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0844
- Badra , J. , Bakor , R. , AlRamadan , A.S. , Almansour , M. et al. Standardized Gasoline Compression Ignition Fuels Matrix SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0925 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0925
- Sellnau , M. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. , and Husted , H. Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) - Diesel-like Efficiency with Low CO2 Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 2010 2022 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1386
- Sellnau , M.C. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. , and Husted , H. Full-Time Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) for High Efficiency and Low NOx and PM SAE Int. J. Engines 5 2 300 314 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0384
- Sellnau , M. , Foster , M. , Hoyer , K. , Moore , W. et al. Development of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 835 851 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1300
- Sellnau , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. et al. GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 775 790 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834
- Sellnau , M. , Foster , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. et al. Second Generation GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and US Tier 3 Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1002 1020 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0760
- Nakai , E. , Goto , T. , Ezumi , K. , Tsumura , Y. , et al. Mazda Skyactiv-X 2.0 L Gasoline Engine Proceedings of the 28th Aachen colloquium automobile and engine technology 2019
- Sellnau , M. , Foster , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. et al. Pathway to 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency Using Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 1 4 1581 1603 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1154
- Kodavasal , J. , Kolodziej , C.P. , Ciatti , S. , and Som , S. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Gasoline Compression Ignition J. Energy Resour. Technol. 137 3 032212-1-13 2015
- Kolodziej , C.P. , Sellnau , M. , Cho , K. , and Cleary , D. Operation of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine on Naphtha and E10 Gasoline Fuels SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 979 1001 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0759
- Kalghatgi , G.T. , Hildingsson , L. , Harrison , A.J. , and Johansson , B. Autoignition Quality of Gasoline Fuels in Partially Premixed Combustion in Diesel Engines Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 2 3015 3021 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.007
- Badra , J.A. , Zubail , A. , and Sim , J. Numerical Investigation into Effects of Fuel's Physical Properties on GCI Engine Performance and Emissions Energy & Fuels 2019 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02340
- Senecal , P. , Richards , K. , and Pomraning , E. CONVERGE (Version 2.4.0) Manual Madison, WI Convergent Science Inc. 2014 2018
- Parrish , S. , Duke , D. , Grover , R. , Lacey , J. , et al. ECN4: Spray G Gasoline Direct-Injection 2016 http://www.ca.sandia.gov/ecn/workshop/ECN4/ECN4.php
- Senecal , P.K. , Richards , K.J. , Pomraning , E. , Yang , T. et al. A New Parallel Cut-Cell Cartesian CFD Code for Rapid Grid Generation Applied to In-Cylinder Diesel Engine Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0159 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0159
- Liu , A.B. , Mather , D. , and Reitz , R.D. Modeling the Effects of Drop Drag and Breakup on Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 930072 1993 https://doi.org/10.4271/930072
- O'Rourke , P.J. Collective Drop Effects on Vaporizing Liquid Sprays 1981
- Schmidt , D.P. , and Rutland , C.J. A New Droplet Collision Algorithm Journal of Computational Physics 164 1 62 80 2000
- Post , S.L. , and Abraham , J. Modeling the Outcome of Drop-drop Collisions in Diesel Sprays Int. J. Multiphase Flow 28 6 997 1019 2002
- Amsden , A.A. , O'Rourke , P.J. , and Butler , T.D. Los Alamos National Laboratory 1989
- Badra , J. , Khaled , F. , Sim , J. , Pei , Y. et al. Combustion System Optimization of a Light-Duty GCI Engine Using CFD and Machine Learning SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1313 2020 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1313
- Senecal , P.K. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K.J. , Briggs , T.E. et al. Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Direct-Injection Diesel Spray Liquid Length and Flame Lift-off Length using CFD and Parallel Detailed Chemistry SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1043 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1043
- Li , Y. , Alfazazi , A. , Mohan , B. , Alexandros Tingas , E. et al. Development of a Reduced Four-component (toluene/n-heptane/iso-octane/ethanol) Gasoline Surrogate Model Fuel 247 164 178 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.052
- Golovitchev , V. http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/~valeri/MECH.html
- Lee , C. , Ahmed , A. , Nasir , E.F. , Badra , J. et al. Autoignition Characteristics of Oxygenated Gasolines Combust. Flame 186 Supplement C 114 128 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.07.034