This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Knock, Auto-Ignition and Pre-Ignition Tendency of Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) with Ethanol Blends and Similar RON
Technical Paper
2020-01-0613
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Researchers have known about a higher pre-ignition frequency of alcohol fuels for several decades now. Several studies, assessing the effect of ethanol addition on stochastic pre-ignition, have shown contradicting observations. Researchers at FEV observed an increase in pre-ignition frequency with an increase in ethanol concentration, however the pre-ignition events at high ethanol content did not lead to super-knock. Most of the studies have used varying ethanol fraction in a common base-fuel, thereby varying the auto-ignition tendency of the blend. In the current study, the effect of ethanol addition on FACE (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) gasolines is assessed. Five different FACE gasolines (FACE A, C, I, J and G) were used for the study. Ignition delay time of varying ethanol fractions in FACE gasolines was measured in an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), following ASTM 6890. The measurements showed that 13% ethanol (v/v) is needed for FACE A and C, while 27% ethanol (v/v) is needed for FACE I and J to match the ignition delay time of FACE G fuel. The five blends were tested in a Co-operative Fuel Research (CFR) engine in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and Spark Ignition (SI) combustion mode. The experiments showed similar auto-ignition and knocking tendency for the five blends. After that, the pre-ignition tendency of the blends was assessed in a supercharged AVL engine. In general, increasing ethanol content led to higher pre-ignition frequency. Moreover, the effect of ethanol on increasing pre-ignition frequency was dependent on the base-fuel into which ethanol was added. For the same ethanol fraction added, base-fuels with higher aromatic content showed higher pre-ignition frequency.
Authors
Citation
Singh, E. and Dibble, R., "Knock, Auto-Ignition and Pre-Ignition Tendency of Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) with Ethanol Blends and Similar RON," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0613, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0613.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 |
Also In
References
- Chapman , E. , Davis , R.S. , Studzinski , W. , and Geng , P. Fuel Octane and Volatility Effects on the Stochastic Pre-Ignition Behavior of a 2.0 L Gasoline Turbocharged DI Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 2 379 389 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1226
- Costanzo , V.S. , Yu , X. , Chapman , E. , Davis , R. et al. Fuel & Lubricant Effects on Stochastic Preignition SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0038 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0038
- Singh , E. , Ali , M.J.M. , Ichim , A. , Morganti , K. et al. Effect of Mixture Formation and Injection Strategies on Stochastic Pre-Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1678 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1678
- Michlberger , A. , Sutton , M. , Kocsis , M. , Anderson , G. et al. On-Road Monitoring of Low Speed Pre-Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1676 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1676
- Downs , D. and Pigneguy , J. An Experimental Investigation into Pre-Ignition in the Spark-Ignition Engine Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Automobile Division 4 1 125 149 1950
- Downs , D. and Theobald , F. The Effect of Fuel Characteristics and Engine Operating Conditions on Pre-Ignition Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Automobile Division 178 1 89 108 1963
- Zeldovich , I. , Barenblatt , G.I. , Librovich , V. , and Makhviladze , G. Mathematical Theory of Combustion and Explosions 1985
- Kalghatgi , G. Fuel/Engine Interactions Warrendale, PA SAE International 2013
- Kalghatgi , G. , Algunaibet , I. , and Morganti , K. On Knock Intensity and Superknock in SI Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 10 3 1051 1063 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0689
- Kalghatgi , G.T. and Bradley , D. Pre-Ignition and ‘Super-Knock’ in Turbo-Charged Spark-Ignition Engines International Journal of Engine Research 13 4 399 414 2012
- Hülser , T. , Grünefeld , G. , Brands , T. , Günther , M. et al. Optical Investigation on the Origin of Pre-Ignition in a Highly Boosted SI Engine Using Bio-Fuels SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1636 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1636
- Mayer , M. , Hofmann , P. , Geringer , B. , Williams , J. et al. Influence of Different Oil Properties on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition in Turbocharged Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0718 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0718
- Martin , C. , Graf , J. , Geringer , B. , Luef , R. et al. Neue Prüfmethodiken des Klopfens und der Vorentflammung von Kraftstoffen und Ölen hochaufgeladener Ottomotoren Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium = International Vienna Motor Symposium 2014 236 265
- Haenel , P. , Kleeberg , H. , de Bruijn , R. , and Tomazic , D. Influence of Ethanol Blends on Low Speed Pre-Ignition in Turbocharged, Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 10 1 95 105 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0687
- Dahnz , C. and Spicher , U. Irregular Combustion in Supercharged Spark Ignition Engines-Pre-Ignition and Other Phenomena International Journal of Engine Research 11 6 485 498 2010
- He , Y. , Liu , Z. , Stahl , I. , Zhang , G. et al. Comparison of Stochastic Pre-Ignition Behaviors on a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine with Various Fuels and Lubricants SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2291 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2291
- Sasaki , N. and Nakata , K. Effect of Fuel Components on Engine Abnormal Combustion 2012 SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1276 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1276
- Sasaki , N. , Nakata , K. , Kawatake , K. , Sagawa , S. et al. The Effect of Fuel Compounds on Pre-ignition under High Temperature and High Pressure Condition SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1984 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1984
- Mansfield , A.B. , Chapman , E. , and Briscoe , K. Effect of Market Variations in Gasoline Composition on Aspects of Stochastic Pre-Ignition Fuel 184 390 400 2016
- Perry , R. , Gerard , P. , and Heath , D. The Influence of Gasoline Composition on Abnormal Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 610145 1961 https://doi.org/10.4271/610145
- Naser , N. , Jameel , A.G.A. , Emwas , A.-H. , Singh , E. et al. The Influence of Chemical Composition on Ignition Delay Times of Gasoline Fractions Combustion and Flame 209 418 429 2019
- Naser , N. , Yang , S.Y. , Kalghatgi , G. , and Chung , S.H. Relating the Octane Numbers of Fuels to Ignition Delay Times Measured in an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) Fuel 187 117 127 2017
- D. ASTM 2011
- D. ASTM 2013
- D. ASTM 2014
- Singh , E. , Waqas , M. , Johansson , B. , and Sarathy , M. Simulating HCCI Blending Octane Number of Primary Reference Fuel with Ethanol SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0734 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0734
- Singh , E. , Hlaing , P. , Shi , H. , and Dibble , R. Effect of Different Fluids on Injection Strategies to Suppress Pre-Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0257 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0257
- Singh , E. , Morganti , K. , and Dibble , R. Optimizing Split Fuel Injection Strategies to Avoid Pre-Ignition and Super-Knock in Turbocharged Engines International Journal of Engine Research 2019
- Zaccardi , J.-M. , Duval , L. , and Pagot , A. Development of Specific Tools for Analysis and Quantification of Pre-ignition in a Boosted SI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 1587 1600 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1795
- ASTM International 2004
- Naser , N. , Sarathy , S.M. , and Chung , S.H. Estimating Fuel Octane Numbers from Homogeneous Gas-Phase Ignition Delay Times Combustion and Flame 188 307 323 2018
- Singh , E. , Tingas , E. , Goussis , D. , Im , H.G. et al. Chemical Ignition Characteristics of Ethanol Blending with Primary Reference Fuels Energy & Fuels 2019
- Ahmed , A.A. , El-Masry , A.M. , and Barakat , Y. Azeotrope Formation in Gasoline-Ethanol Blends. Part 1-Impact of Nonionic on E10 Distillation Curve Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 27 4 1167 1175 2018
- Andersen , V.F. , Anderson , J. , Wallington , T. , Mueller , S. et al. Distillation Curves for Alcohol−Gasoline Blends Energy & Fuels 24 4 2683 2691 2010
- Balabin , R.M. , Syunyaev , R.Z. , and Karpov , S.A. Quantitative Measurement of Ethanol Distribution over Fractions of Ethanol− Gasoline Fuel Energy & Fuels 21 4 2460 2465 2007
- Waqas , M. , Naser , N. , Sarathy , M. , Morganti , K. et al. Blending Octane Number of Ethanol in HCCI, SI and CI Combustion Modes SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 9 3 659 682 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2298
- Gentz , G. , Dernotte , J. , Ji , C. , Lopez Pintor , D. et al. Combustion-Timing Control of Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) Engines by Using Double Direct-Injections to Control Kinetic Rates SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-1156 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1156
- Gentz , G. , Dernotte , J. , Ji , C. , and Dec , J. 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1252
- R. Design 2008
- Ahmed , A. , Goteng , G. , Shankar , V.S. , Al-Qurashi , K. et al. A Computational Methodology for Formulating Gasoline Surrogate Fuels with Accurate Physical and Chemical Kinetic Properties Fuel 143 290 300 2015
- Sarathy , S.M. et al. Compositional Effects on the Ignition of FACE Gasolines Combustion and Flame 169 171 193 2016
- Javed , T. et al. Ignition Studies of Two Low-Octane Gasolines Combustion and Flame 185 152 159 2017
- Singh , E. , Badra , J. , Mehl , M. , and Sarathy , S.M. Chemical Kinetic Insights into the Octane Number and Octane Sensitivity of Gasoline Surrogate Mixtures Energy & Fuels 31 2 1945 1960 2017
- Singh , E. and Dibble , R. Mechanism Triggering Pre-Ignition in Turbo-Charged Engines SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0255 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0255
- Morganti , K. et al. Synergistic Engine-Fuel Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles: Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Applied Energy 208 1538 1561 2017
- Morganti , K. , Al-Abdullah , M. , and Zubail , A. Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions Benefits of Octane-on-Demand Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines Carbon 1 2.18 2.24 2015
- Morganti , K. , Almansour , M. , Khan , A. , Kalghatgi , G. et al. Leveraging the Benefits of Ethanol in Advanced Engine-Fuel Systems Energy Conversion and Management 157 480 497 2018
- Morganti , K. , Alzubail , A. , Abdullah , M. , Viollet , Y. et al. Improving the Efficiency of Conventional Spark-Ignition Engines Using Octane-on-Demand Combustion-Part II: Vehicle Studies and Life Cycle Assessment SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0683 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0683
- Morganti , K. , Viollet , Y. , Head , R. , Kalghatgi , G. et al. Maximizing the Benefits of High Octane Fuels in Spark-Ignition Engines Fuel 207 470 487 2017
- Singh , E. , Morganti , K. , and Dibble , R.W. Dual-Fuel Operation of Gasoline and Natural Gas in a Turbocharged Engine Fuel 2018
- Singh , E. , Morganti , K. , and Dibble , R. Knock and Pre-Ignition Limits on Utilization of Ethanol in Octane-on-Demand Concept SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0108 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0108
- Dingle , S.F. , Cairns , A. , Zhao , H. , Williams , J. et al. Lubricant Induced Pre-Ignition in an Optical SI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1222 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1222
- Fletcher , K.A. , Dingwell , L. , Yang , K. , Lam , W.Y. et al. Engine Oil Additive Impacts on Low Speed Pre-Ignition SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 9 3 612 620 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2277
- Kocsis , M.C. , Briggs , T. , and Anderson , G. The Impact of Lubricant Volatility, Viscosity and Detergent Chemistry on Low Speed Pre-Ignition Behavior SAE Int. J. Engines 10 3 1019 1035 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0685
- Park , S. , Woo , S. , Oh , H. , and Lee , K. Effects of Various Lubricants and Fuels on Pre-Ignition in a Turbocharged Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Energy & Fuels 31 11 12701 12711 2017
- Welling , O. , Collings , N. , Williams , J. , and Moss , J. Impact of Lubricant Composition on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1213 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1213
- Welling , O. , Moss , J. , Williams , J. , and Collings , N. Measuring the Impact of Engine Oils and Fuels on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition in Downsized Engines SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 1 1 8 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1219
- Moriyoshi , Y. , Yamada , T. , Tsunoda , D. , Xie , M. et al. Numerical Simulation to Understand the Cause and Sequence of LSPI Phenomena and Suggestion of CaO Mechanism in Highly Boosted SI Combustion in Low Speed Range SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0755 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0755
- Maharjan , S. , Qahtani , Y. , Roberts , W. , and Elbaz , A. The Effect of Pressure, Temperature and Additives on Droplet Ignition of Lubricant Oil and Its Surrogate SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1673 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1673
- Singh , E. and Dibble , R. Effectiveness of Fuel Enrichment on Knock Suppression in a Gasoline Spark-Ignited Engine SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1665 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1665
- Roberts Eshan , D.S. , Morganti , K. , and Raman , V. 2019