This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Novel Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Catalytic Converter Replacement for Enhanced Emission Control and Power Generation in Automotive Exhaust
Technical Paper
2020-01-0353
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Increased concerns over climate change, limited fossil fuel resources, emissions, and poor air quality has created a greater need for sustainable energy systems. The need for increased sustainable energy systems has created largely two cooperative movements: 1) technologies that are considered renewable or more environmentally friendly and 2) higher efficiency. The automotive industry has long been a target for increasing efficiency and decreasing emissions. Current emission control systems rely heavily on the usage of precious metal based catalytic converters. Traditional catalytic converters convert incomplete combustion products into carbon dioxide and water vapor. During this conversion, any remaining chemical energy within the exhaust is lost to waste heat production. In order to achieve increased efficiency and reduced pollutant emission, the remaining chemical energy in the exhaust must be transformed into usable energy. A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) stack is therefore integrated into the exhaust system of a traditional internal combustion engine in place of the current upstream catalytic converter. A SOFC stack would eliminate the need to maintain stoichiometric exhaust conditions, and would allow the recovery of any remaining chemical energy in the exhaust stream. The SOFC stack creates the potential for electrical power generation from the exhaust, while significantly improving emission reduction in a lean environment when compared to the traditional catalytic converter. Initial testing indicates that a typical internal combustion engine operating at stoichiometric conditions results in an exhaust composition of ~2-3% H2 and CO and ~1% mixed hydrocarbons. These exhaust constituents may be used by the SOFC for electrical power generation. Simultaneously, the SOFC stack has demonstrated an ability to decrease hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emission by up to 50% when compared to a traditional platinum foil based catalytic converter.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Welles, T. and Ahn, J., "A Novel Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Catalytic Converter Replacement for Enhanced Emission Control and Power Generation in Automotive Exhaust," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0353, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0353.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Nitrogen Dioxide | American Lung Association https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/outdoor/air-pollution/nitrogen-dioxide.html Oct. 2019
- Vembathu Rajesh , A. , Mathalai Sundaram , C. , Sivaganesan , V. , Nagarajan , B. , and Harikishore , S. Emission Reduction Techniques in CI Engine with Catalytic Converter Mater. Today Proc. 2019 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.369
- Guo , L.H. , Guo , L. , Zhao , D.Y. , Gao , Z.N. et al. Oxidizing, Trapping and Releasing NO x Over Model Manganese Oxides in Alternative Lean-Burn/Fuel-Rich Atmospheres at Low Temperatures Catal. Today 297 27 35 2017 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.096
- Iwamoto , M. and Hamada , H. Removal of Nitrogen Monoxide from Exhaust Gases Through Novel Catalytic Processes Catal. Today 10 1 57 71 1991 10.1016/0920-5861(91)80074-J
- Huang , T.J. and Hsiao , I.C. Nitric Oxide Removal from Simulated Lean-Burn Engine Exhaust Using a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell With V-Added (LaSr)MnO 3 Cathode Chem. Eng. J. 165 1 234 239 2010 10.1016/J.CEJ.2010.09.022
- Li , X. , Meng , M. , Lin , P. , Fu , Y. et al. A Study on the Properties and Mechanisms for NOx Storage Over Pt/BaAl 2 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 Catalyst Top. Catal. 22 1-2 111 115 2003 10.1023/A:1021480115825
- Epling , W.S. , Campbell , L.E. , Yezerets , A. , Currier , N.W. , and Parks , J.E. Overview of the Fundamental Reactions and Degradation Mechanisms of NOx Storage/Reduction Catalysts Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 46 2 163 245 2004 10.1081/CR-200031932
- O’Hayre , R. , Cha , S.W. , Colella , W. , and Prinz , F.B. Fuel Cell Fundamentals Hoboken, NJ, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2016 10.1002/9781119191766
- Falkenstein-Smith , R. , Zeng , P. , and Ahn , J. Investigation of Oxygen Transport Membrane Reactors for Oxy-Fuel Combustion and Carbon Capture Purposes Proc. Combust. Inst. 36 3 3969 3976 2017 10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.005
- Milcarek , R.J. , Garrett , M.J. , and Ahn , J. Micro-Tubular Flame-Assisted Fuel Cell Stacks Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41 46 21489 21496 2016 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.005
- Milcarek , R.J. and Ahn , J. Rich-Burn, Flame-Assisted Fuel Cell, Quick-Mix, Lean-Burn (RFQL) Combustor and Power Generation J. Power Sources 381 18 25 2018 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.006
- Milcarek , R.J. , Wang , K. , Falkenstein-Smith , R.L. , and Ahn , J. Micro-Tubular Flame-Assisted Fuel Cells for Micro-Combined Heat and Power Systems J. Power Sources 306 148 151 2016 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.018
- Grossale , A. , Nova , I. , Tronconi , E. , Chatterjee , D. , and Weibel , M. The Chemistry of the NO/NO2-NH3 ‘Fast’ SCR Reaction Over Fe-ZSM5 Investigated by Transient Reaction Analysis J. Catal. 256 2 312 322 2008 10.1016/J.JCAT.2008.03.027
- Iwamoto , H. , Kameoka , S. , Xu , Y. , Nishimura , C. , and Tsai , A.P. Effects of Cu Oxidation States on the Catalysis of NO+CO and N 2 O+CO Reactions J. Phys. Chem. Solids 125 64 73 2019 10.1016/J.JPCS.2018.10.013
- Kammer Hansen , K. , Skou , E.M. , and Christensen , H. 2000
- Milcarek , R.J. , Garrett , M.J. , Welles , T.S. , and Ahn , J. Performance Investigation of a Micro-Tubular Flame-Assisted Fuel Cell Stack with 3,000 Rapid Thermal Cycles J. Power Sources 394 86 93 2018 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.05.060
- Milcarek , R.J. and Ahn , J. Micro-Tubular Flame-Assisted Fuel Cells Running Methane, Propane and Butane: On Soot, Efficiency and Power Density Energy 776 782 2019 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.098
- Saleemi , A.S. , Abdullah , A. , and Anis-Ur-Rehman , M. Jul. 2019
- Koltsakis , G.C. and Stamatelos , A.M. Catalytic Automotive Exhaust Aftertreatment Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 23 1 39 1997
- Alkemade , U. and Schumann , B. Engines and Exhaust after Treatment Systems for Future Automotive Applications Solid State Ionics 177 26-32 2291 2296 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.05.051
- Hamamoto , K. , Fujishiro , Y. , and Awano , M. Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Diesel Soot Particulate in Nano-Structured Electrochemical Reactor Solid State Ionics 177 26-32 2297 2300 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.07.006
- Riegel , J. Exhaust Gas Sensors for Automotive Emission Control Solid State Ionics 152-153 783 800 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(02)00329-6