This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optical Sensor for the Needle Lift Detection in the Common Rail Injector
Technical Paper
2019-24-0193
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The detection of needle displacement within a Common Rail injector is a crucial step to suitably characterize the behaviour of an injector. The needle motion is traditionally measured by means of an eddy current sensor. Apart from its high cost, scientific literature highlights its drawbacks, such as the introduction of mechanical weakness on the control piston as well as the electromagnetic disturbance affecting data acquisition. In order to provide an improved quality of signal, other solutions have been developed, which require a large number of components, leading to increased layout complexity. This layout can create a packing issue while mounting the sensor on the test rig. A novel sensor (UK Patent Application No.1819731.9) using fibre optic cable has been designed and built to overcome the limitations typically associated with needle displacement transducers. Variations in light intensity, stemming from control piston displacement, underlie the working principle of the proposed sensor. The paper provides technical details and describes the experimental tests proving the sensor capability to detect injection events under various injection scenarios. The use of the new sensor highlighted the key relationship between injector needle lift and backpressure. Given the cost-effectiveness and the downsized layout, the sensor serves as a crucial step towards the thorough understanding of injection process.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Coratella, C., Parry, L., Sahu, A., and Xu, H., "Optical Sensor for the Needle Lift Detection in the Common Rail Injector," SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0193, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0193.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Stumpp , G. and Ricco , M. Common Rail-An Attractive Fuel Injection System for Passenger Car DI Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 960870 1996 10.4271/960870
- Torkzadeh , D.D. , Kiencke , U. , and Keppler , M. Introduction of a New Non-Invasive Pressure Sensor for Common Rail Systems SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0842 2002 10.4271/2002-01-0842
- Catania , A.E. , Ferrari , A. , Manno , M. , and Spessa , E. Experimental Investigation of Dynamics Effects on Multiple-Injection Common Rail System Performance Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 130 3 032806 2008
- Catania , A.E. , Ferrari , A. , and Manno , M. Development and Application of a Complete Multijet Common Rail Injection-System Mathematical Model for Hydrodynamic Analysis and Diagnostics Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 130 6 062809 2008
- Herfatmanesh , M.R. , Lu , P. , Attar , M.A. , and Zhao , H. Experimental Investigation into the Effects of Two-Stage Injection on Fuel Injection Quantity, Combustion and Emissions in a High-Speed Optical Common Rail Diesel Engine Fuel 109 137 147 2013
- Bianchi , G.M. , Pelloni , S.F.P. , Filicori , F. , and Milani , M. Development of a Dynamic Model for Studying the 1st Generation of Common Rail Injectors for HSDI Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 2001-24-0013 2001 10.4271/2001-24-0013
- Catania , A.E. and Ferrari , A. Development and Performance Assessment of the New-Generation CF Fuel Injection System for Diesel Passenger Cars Applied energy 91 1 483 495 2012
- Xu-Guang , T. , Hai-Lang , S. , Tao , Q.I.U. , Zhi-Qiang , F. , and Wen-Hui , Y. The Impact of Common Rail system's Control Parameters on the Performance of High-Power Diesel Energy Procedia 16 2067 2072 2012
- Wang , Z. , Wyszynski , M.L. , Xu , H. , Abdullah , N.R. , and Piaszyk , J. Fuel Injection and Combustion Study by the Combination of Mass Flow Rate and Heat Release Rate with Single and Multiple Injection Strategies Fuel Processing Technology 132 118 132 2015
- Dahlander , P. , Iemmolo , D. , and Tong , Y. Measurements of Time-Resolved Mass Injection Rates for a Multi-Hole and an Outward Opening Piezo GDI Injector SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0929 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0929
- Ferrari , A. , Mittica , A. , Paolicelli , F. , and Pizzo , P. Hydraulic Characterization of Solenoid-Actuated Injectors for Diesel Engine Common Rail Systems Energy Procedia 101 878 885 2016
- Bianchi , G.M. , Falfari , S. , Brusiani , F. , Pelloni , P. et al. Numerical Investigation of Critical Issues in Multiple-Injection Strategy Operated by a New CR Fast-Actuation Solenoid Injector SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1236 2005 10.4271/2005-01-1236
- Catalano , L.A. , Tondolo , V.A. , and Dadone , A. Dynamic Rise of Pressure in the Common Rail Fuel Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0210 2002 10.4271/2002-01-0210
- Amirante , R. , Catalano , L.A. , Dadone , A. , and Lombardo , V. On the Use of Fast-Response Pressure Transducers in a Common Rail Diesel Injection System 8th Biennial ASME, Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA) Torino (IT) July 2006 4 7
- Payri , F. , Lujan , J.M. , Guardiola , C. , and Rizzoni , G. Injection Diagnosis through Common Rail Pressure Measurement Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 220 3 347 357 2006
- Chan , Q.N. , Bao , Y. , and Kook , S. Effects of Injection Pressure on the Structural Transformation of Flash-Boiling Sprays of Gasoline and Ethanol in a Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection (SIDI) Engine Fuel 130 228 240 2014
- Beierer , P. , Huhtala , K. , Lehto , E. , and Vilenius , M. Study of the Impact of System Characteristics on Pressure Oscillations in a Common Rail Diesel Fuel Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0910 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0910
- Payri , F. , Margot , X. , Patouna , S. , Ravet , F. et al. A CFD Study of the Effect of the Needle Movement on the Cavitation Pattern of Diesel Injectors SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0025 2009 10.4271/2009-24-0025
- Viera , J.P. , Payri , R. , Swantek , A.B. , Duke , D.J. et al. Linking Instantaneous Rate of Injection to X-Ray Needle Lift Measurements for a Direct-Acting Piezoelectric Injector Energy Conversion and Management 112 350 358 2016
- Payri , F. , Margot , X. , Patouna , S. , Ravet , F. et al. A CFD Study of the Effect of the Needle Movement on the Cavitation Pattern of Diesel Injectors SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0025 2009 10.4271/2009-24-0025
- Arcoumanis , C. , Flora , H. , Gavaises , M. , Kampanis , N. et al. Investigation of Cavitation in a Vertical Multi-Hole Injector SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0524 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0524
- Chaves , H. , Kirmse , C. , and Obermeier , F. Velocity Measurements of Dense Diesel Fuel Sprays in Dense Air Atomization and sprays 14 6 2004
- Chaves , H. , Kirmse , C. , and Obermeier , F. The Influence of Nozzle Inlet Curvature on Unsteady Cavitation in Transparent Diesel Injection Nozzles Proc. 1st International Colloquium on Microhydrodynamics Paris, France October 2000
- Kirmse , C. , Chaves , H. , and Obermeier , F. Spray Velocity Measurements of a Common Rail Injection System at High Gas Density by Correlation Velocimetry Proceedings 19th ILASS Europe 2004 260 265
- Desantes , J.M. , Salvador , F.J. , Carreres , M. , and Martínez-López , J. Large-Eddy Simulation Analysis of the Influence of the Needle Lift on the Cavitation in Diesel Injector Nozzles Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 229 4 407 423 2015
- Zhong , L. , Singh , I.P. , Han , J.S. , Lai , M.C. et al. Effect of Cycle-to-Cycle Variation in the Injection Pressure in a Common Rail Diesel Injection System on Engine Performance SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0699 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0699
- Miranda , R. , Chaves , H. , Martin , U. , and Obermeier , F. Cavitation in a Transparent Real Size VCO Injection Nozzle Proceedings of ICLASS Sorrento Italy 2003
- Badock , C. Fundamental Study of the Influence of Cavitation on the Internal Flow and Atomization of Diesel Sprays Proc. Thirteenth Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems-Europe 224 229 1998
- Badock , C. , Wirth , R. , Fath , A. , and Leipertz , A. Investigation of Cavitation in Real Size Diesel Injection Nozzles Int J Heat Fluid Flow 20 5 538 544 1999
- Soriano , O. , Sommerfeld , M. , and Burkhardt , A. Validation of a Cavitation and Turbulence Induced Model for the Primary Breakup of Diesel Jets 22nd European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems 2008
- Som , S. , Aggarwal , S. , El-Hannouny , E. , and Longman , D. Investigation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector Trans ASME, J Engng Gas Turbines Power 132 4 042802 2010
- Amirante , R. , Catalano , L.A. , and Coratella , C. A New Optical Sensor for the Measurement of the Displacement of the Needle in a Common Rail Injector SAE Technical Paper 2013-24-0146 2013 10.4271/2013-24-0146
- Amirante , R. , Coratella , C. , Distaso , E. , Rossini , G. , and Tamburrano , P. Optical Device for Measuring the Injectors Opening in Common Rail Systems International Journal of Automotive Technology 18 4 729 742 2017
- Coppo , M. , Dongiovanni , C. , and Negri , C. A Linear Optical Sensor for Measuring Needle Displacement in Common Rail Diesel Injectors Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 134 2 366 373 2007
- Baldwin , E. , Grover , R.O. , Duke , D.J. , Matusik , K.E. , Kastengren , A.L. , Powell , C.F. , Parrish , S.E. , and Schmidt , D.P. 2016
- Devassy , B.M. , Edelbauer , W. , and Greif , D. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of 3D Needle Movement on Cavitation and Spray Formation in a Diesel Injector Journal of Physics: Conference Series 656 1 012092 2015
- Örley , F. , Hickel , S. , Schmidt , S.J. , and Adams , N.A. LES of Cavitating Flow inside a Diesel Injector Including Dynamic Needle Movement Journal of Physics: Conference Series 656 1 012097 2015
- He , Z. , Zhang , Z. , Guo , G. , Wang , Q. et al. Visual Experiment of Transient Cavitating Flow Characteristics in the Real-Size Diesel Injector Nozzle International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 78 13 20 2016
- Meister , G.F. , Alajbegovic , A. , Lai , M.C. , and Yoo , J.H. Transient Simulation of DGI Engine Injector with Needle Movement SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2663 2002 10.4271/2002-01-2663
- Duan , L. , Yuan , S.Q. , Hu , L.F. , Yang , W.M. , and Xia , X.L. Injection Performance and Cavitation Analysis of an Advanced 250MPa Common Rail Diesel Injector International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 93 388 397 2016
- Chiavola , O. and Palmieri , F. Modeling Needle Motion Influence on Nozzle Flow in High Pressure Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0250 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0250
- Marčič , S. , Marčič , M. , and Praunseis , Z. Mathematical Model for the Injector of a Common Rail Fuel-Injection System Engineering 7 06 307 2015
- King , S. Luminous Intensity of an LED as a Function of Input Power ISB J. Phys 2 2 2008
- Sienkiewicz , F. and Shukla , A. A Simple Fiber-Optic Sensor for Use over a Large Displacement Range Optics and Lasers in Engineering 28 4 293 304 1997
- He , G. , Patania , A. , Kluzner , M. , Vokovich , D. et al. Low-Cost Spark Plug-Integrated Fiber Optic Sensor for Combustion Pressure Monitoring SAE Technical Paper 930853 1993 10.4271/930853
- Martins , A. , Rocha , A.M. , Neto , B. , Teixeira , A.L.J. , Facao , M. , Nogueira , R.N. , Lima , M.J. , and Andre , P.S. 2009 3
- Molin , D. , Achten , F. , Van Meer , W. , Medawar , A. , Kuyt , G. , Boon , M. , and Sillard , P. Multimode Fiber Bending Sensitivity for Multi-Gigabit Ethernet Application Proc. 58th International Wire & Cable Symposium 2009 442