This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Comparison of Different Particle Measurement Techniques at a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Test Bed
Technical Paper
2019-24-0158
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The particle size distribution (PSD) of submicron exhaust engine-out soot, is typically determined using a method based on the electrical mobility is used. This measurement procedure is subjected to uncertainty mainly due to inaccurate dilution of the sampled aerosol, unknown flow conditions at the probe inlet and the limited measurement accuracy of the device itself. In order to determine the measurement uncertainty, two different aerosol spectrometers, a TSI EEPS 3090 and a Cambustion DMS500 were installed and operated simultaneously at a single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine at the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).The engine was operated at various operating points to evaluate the ability of the spectrometers to correctly determine the PSD and the total particle number concentration (TPNC) at different boundary conditions. Variations of the position and geometry of the probe systems were performed, to evaluate the influence of the flow conditions at the probe inlet. The dilution systems of both measuring devices were verified by varying the dilution factor in three steps. Both particle sizers show good agreement in the TPNC. It could be confirmed that the probe geometry and its positioning had a negligible effect on the properties of the exhaust gas sample. A slight shift in PSD between the EEPS and the DMS was observed at the engine test bed. For a detailed evaluation, a device comparison with monodisperse polystyrene (PSL) particles with a SMPS as reference was performed at the Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (KIT).
Recommended Content
Authors
- Tobias Michler - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Johannes Dörnhöfer - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Daniel Erforth - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Alexander Heinz - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Kai Scheiber - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Philipp Weber - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Niclas Nowak - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Heiko Kubach - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Jörg Meyer - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Thomas Koch - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Achim Dittler - KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Topic
Citation
Michler, T., Dörnhöfer, J., Erforth, D., Heinz, A. et al., "Comparison of Different Particle Measurement Techniques at a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Test Bed," SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0158, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0158.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
[Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 2] |
Also In
References
- European Union , Regulation (EC) No 595/2009, 2009.
- Stone, V., Miller, M.R., Clift, M.J.D., Elder, A. et al. , “Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge,” Environmental Health Perspectives 125(10):106002-1-106002-17, Oct 10, 2017.
- Heyder, J., Brand, P., Heinrich, J., Peters, A. et al. , “Size Distribution of Ambient Particles and its Relevance to Human Health,” in International Workshop on Aerosol Inhalation, Lung Transport, and Deposition, Warsaw Workshop, 1995.
- Donaldson, K., Stone, V., Clouter, A., Renwick, L. et al. , “Ultrafine Particles,” Occupational and Enviromental Medicine 58(3):211-216, 2001.
- Jacob, E., Lämmermann, R., Pappenheimer, A., and Rothe, D. , “Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System for Euro 4,” Motor Technische Zeitschrift (MTZ) 66(6):9-11, June 2005.
- Swanson, J., Watts, W., Kittelson, D., Newman, R., and Ziebarth, R. , “Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Drop of Miniature Diesel Particulate Filters,” Aerosol Science and Technology 47(4):452-461, Dec 11, 2012.
- Vouitsis, E., Ntziachristos, L., and Samaras, Z. , “Particulate Matter Mass Measurements for Low Emitting Diesel Powered Vehicles: What's Next?” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 29(6):635-672, Aug 4, 2003.
- Giechaskiel, B., Mamakos, A., Andersson, J., Dilara, P. et al. , “Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review,” Aerosol Science and Technology 46(7):719-749, Feb 1, 2012.
- Sager, C. , Der Partikeltransport in turbulent durchströmten Rohrleitungen und seine besondere Bedeutung für die Partikelmesstechnik (Duisburg-Essen, 2007).
- Griffin, T. and Burtscher, H. , “Evaluation of Measurement Techniques for the Effectiveness of Particle Precipitators for Small Wood-Fired Ovens,” Muttenz, Jan 15, 2008.
- Hinds, W.C. , Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles 2nd Edition (New York: Wiley, 1999).
- Kasper, M. , “The Number Concentration of Non-Volatile Particles- Design Study for an Instrument Accodring to the PMP Recommendations,” in SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2004.
- Dageförde, H. , Untersuchung innermotorischer Einflussgrößen auf die Partikelemission eines Ottomotors mit Direkteinspritzung (Karlsruhe: Logos, 2015).
- Maier, T., Kiwull, B. and Wolf, J.-C. , “PN-Messverfahren,” Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen e.V., 2014.
- Ahlvik, P., Ntziachristos, L., Keskinen, J., and Virtanen, A. , “Real Time Measurements of Diesel Particle Size Distribution with an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor,” SAE Technical Paper 980410 , 1998, doi:10.4271/980410.
- Burtscher, H. , “Physical Characterization of Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines: Areview,” Journal of Aerosol Science 896-932, Dec 7, 2004.
- Bergmann, M., Scheer, V., Vogt, R. and Benter, T. , “Comparison of the Performance of Real-Time PM Mass and Number Instrumentation for Vehicle Exhaust Measurements,” in 8th International Conference on Engines for Automobile, Capri, 2007.
- TSI Incorporated , Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer Operation and Service Manual, Revision F ed., 2009.
- Wang, X., Grose, M.A., Avenido, A., Stolzenburg, M.R. et al. , “Improvement of Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) Size Distribution Measurement - I. Algorithm and Applications to Compact-Shape Particles,” Journal of Aerosol Science 92:95-108, Nov 13, 2015.
- Wang, X., Grose, M.A., Caldow, R., Osmondson, B.L. et al. , “Improvement of Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) Size Distribution Measurement - II. Engine Exhaust Particles,” Journal of Aerosol Science 92:83-94, Feb. 2016.
- TSI Incorporated , Updated Inversion Matrices for Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) Spectrometer Model 3090, 2015.
- Matter Engineering AG , Model 379020A Rotating Disk Thermodiluter and Model 379030 Thermal Conditioner Air Supply Operation and Service Manual, Revision B ed., 2009.
- Cambustion Ltd. , “DMS500 Manual,” 2017.
- Hodkinson, J.R. , “The Optical Measurement of Aerosols,” Aerosol Science 287-357, 1966.
- Willeke, K. and Baron, P.A. , Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993).
- Wiedensohler, A., Wiesner, A., Weinhold, K., Birmili, W. et al. , “Mobility Particle Size Spectrometers: Calibration Procedures and Measurement Uncertainties,” Aerospl Science and Technology 52(2):146-164, Sep 26, 2017.
- Kaminski, H., Kuhlbusch, T., Rath, S., Götz, U. et al. , “Comparability of Mobility Particle Sizers and Diffusion Chargers,” Journal of Aerosol Science 57:156-178, Nov. 15, 2012.
- Zimmermann, N., Pollit, K., Jeong, C.-H., Wang, J. et al. , “Comparison of Three Nanoparticle Sizing Instruments: The Influence of Particle Morphology,” Atmospheric Enviroment (86):140-147, Dec. 31, 2013.
- Giechaskiel, B., Maricq, M., Ntziachristos, L., Dardiotis, C. et al. , “Review of Motor Vehicle Particulate Emissions Sampling and Measurement: From Smoke and Filter Mass to Particle Number,” Journal of Aerosol Science 67:48-86, Jan 2014.
- Whitby, K.T. and Liu, B.Y. , “Polystyrene Aerosols-Electrical Charge and Residue Size Distribution,” Atmospheric Enviroment 2(2):103-116, Oct. 11, 1967.
- Krarnes, J., Büttner, H., and Ebert, F. , “Submicron Particle Generation by Evaporation of Water Droplets,” Journal of Aerosol Science 22:15-18, 1991.
- Xu, F., Richard Stone , “The Effects of Hot Air Dilution and an Evaporation Tube (ET) on the Particulate Matter Emissions from a Spray Guided Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine,” in SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.
- Rubino, L., Phillips, M. and Twigg, M.V. , “Measurements of Ultrafine Particle Number Emissions from a Light-Duty Diesel Engine Using SMPS, DMS, ELPI, EEPS,” in 7th International Conference on Engines for Automobile, Capri, 2005.