This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Stoichiometric Stratified Flame Ignited (SFI) Hybrid Combustion in a 4-Stroke PFI/DI Gasoline Engine
Technical Paper
2019-01-0960
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI), also known as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), can improve the fuel economy of gasoline engines and simultaneously achieve ultra-low NOx emissions. However, the difficulty in combustion phasing control and violent combustion at high loads limit the commercial application of CAI combustion. To overcome these problems, stratified mixture, which is rich around the central spark plug and lean around the cylinder wall, is formed through port fuel injection and direct injection of gasoline. In this condition, rich mixture is consumed by flame propagation after spark ignition, while the unburned lean mixture auto-ignites due to the increased in-cylinder temperature during flame propagation, i.e., stratified flame ignited (SFI) hybrid combustion. The combustion and emissions characteristics in the SFI combustion were experimentally investigated in a naturally aspirated single-cylinder 4-stroke gasoline engine at medium-high loads when direct injection timing was kept at -60 °CA after top dead center and direct injection ratio was less than or equal to 0.4 at stoichiometry. The results show that advanced spark timing or decreased direct injection ratio alters the SFI events from flame-dominated combustion to auto-ignition-dominated one, resulting in shorter combustion duration. The start of SFI combustion advances with advanced spark timing. But it is slightly affected by direct injection ratio. Thermal efficiency increases around 10% with advanced spark timing and its maximum value appears at high direct injection ratio. Unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in SFI combustion increase with advanced spark timing at different direct injection ratios.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Xue-Qing Fu - Tianjin University
- Bang-Quan He - Tianjin University
- Hongtao Li - Tianjin University
- Tao Chen - Tianjin University
- Hua Zhao - Brunel University
- Yan Zhang - China North Engine Research Institute
- Yufeng Li - China North Engine Research Institute
- Honglin Bai - China North Engine Research Institute
Topic
Citation
Fu, X., He, B., Li, H., Chen, T. et al., "Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Stoichiometric Stratified Flame Ignited (SFI) Hybrid Combustion in a 4-Stroke PFI/DI Gasoline Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0960, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0960.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- EU Emission Standards for Passenger Cars
- Zhao , H. Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development, 1:Gasoline and Gas Engines Woodhead Publishing Limited 2010
- 2014
- Alkidas , A.C. Combustion Advancements in Gasoline Engines Energy Convers. Manag. 48 2751 2761 2007
- Alagumalai , A. Internal Combustion Engines: Progress and Prospects Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 38 561 571 2014
- Zhao , H. HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry First Woodhead Publishing Limited 2007
- Yao , M. , Zheng , Z. , and Liu , H. Progress and Recent Trends in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 35 398 437 2009
- Oakley , A. , Zhao , H. , Ladommatos , N. , and Ma , T. Experimental Studies on Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) Combustion of Gasoline in a 4-Stroke Engine SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1030 2001 10.4271/2001-01-1030
- Fuerhapter , A. , Piock , W.F. , and Fraidl , G.K. CSI - Controlled Auto Ignition - the Best Solution for the Fuel Consumption - Versus Emission Trade-off? SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0754 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0754
- Hyvönen , J. , Haraldsson , G. , and Johansson , B. Operating Range in a Multi Cylinder HCCI Engine Using Variable Compression Ratio SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1829 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1829
- Yang , J. and Kenney , T. Robustness and Performance near the Boundary of HCCI Operating Regime of a Single-Cylinder OKP Engine SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1082 2006 10.4271/2006-01-1082
- Law , D. , Kemp , D. , Allen , J. , Kirkpatrick , G. et al. Controlled Combustion in an IC-Engine with a Fully Variable Valve Train SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0251 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0251
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1988
- Yoshizawa , K. , Teraji , A. , Miyakubo , H. , Yamaguchi , K. et al. Study of High Load Operation Limit Expansion for Gasoline Compression Ignition Engines J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 3 17 2006
- Wang , Z. , He , X. , Wang , J.-X. , Shuai , S. et al. Combustion Visualization and Experimental Study on Spark Induced Compression Ignition (SICI) in Gasoline HCCI Engines Energy Convers. Manag. 51 908 917 2010
- Ikoma , T. , Abe , S. , Sonoda , Y. , Suzuki , H. et al. Development of V-6 3.5-Liter Engine Adopting New Direct Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1259 2006 10.4271/2006-01-1259
- Lattimore , T. , Wang , C. , Xu , H. , Wyszynski , M.L. et al. Investigation of EGR Effect on Combustion and PM Emissions in a DISI Engine Appl. Energy. 161 256 267 2016
- He , B.-Q. , Fu , X.-Q. , and Miao , Y. Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Methods on Combustion and Particle Emission Characteristics of a Gasoline Engine J. Combust. Sci. Technol. 19 2013
- Stein , R.A. , House , C.J. , and Leone , T.G. Optimal Use of E85 in a Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 670 682 2009
- Dec , J.E. , Yang , Y. , and Dronniou , N. Boosted HCCI - Controlling Pressure-Rise Rates for Performance Improvements Using Partial Fuel Stratification with Conventional Gasoline SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1169 1189 2011
- Wang , X. , Zhao , H. , and Xie , H. Effect of Piston Shapes and Fuel Injection Strategies on Stoichiometric Stratified Flame Ignition (SFI) Hybrid Combustion in a PFI/DI Gasoline Engine by Numerical Simulations Energy Convers. Manag. 98 387 400 2015
- Chen , T. , Xie , H. , Li , H. , Fu , X. et al. Experimental Comparison between Stratified Flame Ignition and Micro Flame Ignition in a Gasoline SI-CAI Hybrid Combustion Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0737 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0737
- Joh , M. , Huh , K.Y. , Noh , S.H. , and Choi , K.H. Numerical Prediction of Stratified Charge Distribution in a Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine - Parametric Studies SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0178 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0178
- Lippert , A.M. , El Tahry , S.H. , Huebler , M.S. , Parrish , S.E. et al. Development and Optimization of a Small-Displacement Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine - Stratified Operation SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0033 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0033
- Xu , Z. , Yi , J. , Curtis , E.W. , and Wooldridge , S. Applications of CFD Modeling in GDI Engine Piston Optimization SAE Int. J. Engines. 2 1749 1763 2009
- Liu , M.-B. , He , B.-Q. , and Zhao , H. Effect of Air Dilution and Effective Compression Ratio on the Combustion Characteristics of a HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) Engine Fuelled with N-Butanol Energy. 85 296 303 2015
- Wang , X. , Zhao , H. , Xie , H. , and He , B.-Q. Numerical Study of the Effect of Piston Shapes and Fuel Injection Strategies on In-Cylinder Conditions in a PFI/GDI Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2670 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2670
- Chun , K.M. and Heywood , J.B. Estimating Heat-Release and Mass-Of-Mixture Burned from Spark-Ignition Engine Pressure Data Combust. Sci. Technol. 54 133 143 1987
- Fu , X.-Q. , He , B.-Q. , Xu , S. , Li , H. et al. Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of the Direct Injection Dimethyl Ether Enabled Micro-Flame Ignited (MFI) Hybrid Combustion in a 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1247 2018 10.4271/2018-01-1247
- Li , H. , Xie , H. , Chen , T. , Fu , X. et al. Effect of Injection Strategy on Performance of a Stratified Flame Ignition Hybrid Combustion Engine Trans. CSICE. 35 2017
- Zhu , F.J. and Wu , J. Numerical Calculation and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engine Working Process First Beijing National Defense Industry Press 1997
- Liu , M.-B. 2018
- Chen , T. , Zhao , H. , Xie , H. , and He , B. Analysis of Cyclic Variations during Mode Switching between Spark Ignition and Controlled Auto-Ignition Combustion Operations Int. J. Engine Res. 16 356 365 2015
- Li , X. , He , B.-Q. , Zhao , H. , and Zhang , Y. Simulation of the Effect of Intake Pressure and Split Injection on Lean Combustion Characteristics of a Poppet-Valve Two-Stroke Direct Injection Gasoline Engine at High Loads SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1723 et al. 2018 10.4271/2018-01-1723
- He , B.-Q. Principles of Exhaust Emission Control for Internal Combustion Engines Beijing Science Press 2018
- Hu , S.T. 2009