This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Cavitating Flow within an Injector-Like Geometry and the Subsequent Spray
Technical Paper
2019-01-0284
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
- Cavitation plays a significant role in the spray characteristics and the subsequent mixing and combustion process in engines. Cavitation has beneficial effects on the development of the fuel sprays by improving injection velocity and promoting primary break-up. On the other hand, intense pressure peaks induced by the vapor collapse may lead to erosion damage and severe degradation of the injector performance. In the present paper, the transient cavitating flow in the injector-like geometry was investigated using the modified turbulence model and cavitation criterion. A local density correction was used in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model to reduce the turbulent viscosity, which facilitates the cavitation development. The turbulent stress was also considered in the cavitation inception stage. The modified model is capable of reproducing the cavitating flow with an affordable computational cost. For a better understanding of the cavitation and turbulence induced breakup, the Kelvin-Helmholtz wave, Aerodynamic, Cavitation, and Turbulence induced breakup model with the improved velocity coupling method of liquid-gas was used for spray simulation. The simulation results of the internal flow were used to determine the model coefficients in the improved breakup up model. Compared with the breakup model induced by Kelvin-Helmholtz wave and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, the improved model predicted a more dispersed spray with the shorter tip penetration. Various spray characteristics resulting from the different internal flow results indicated that the reliable reproduction of the cavitation characteristics is the prerequisite for the accurate simulation of the spray process.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Liu, W., Kang, Y., Chang, W., Liu, Q. et al., "Cavitating Flow within an Injector-Like Geometry and the Subsequent Spray," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0284, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0284.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| [Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 2] |
Also In
References
- Kegl, B. and Lešnik, L., “Modeling of Macroscopic Mineral Diesel and Biodiesel Spray Characteristics,” Fuel 222:810-820, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.169.
- Yu, S., Yin, B., Deng, W., Jia, H. et al., “Internal Flow and Spray Characteristics for Elliptical Orifice with Large Aspect Ratio under Typical Diesel Engine Operation Conditions,” Fuel 228:62-73, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.156.
- Lešnik, L., Kegl, B., Bombek, G., Hočevar, M. et al., “The Influence of In-Nozzle Cavitation on Flow Characteristics and Spray Break-Up,” Fuel 222:550-560, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.144.
- Wei, M., Gao, Y., Yan, F., Chen, L. et al., “Experimental Study of Cavitation Formation and Primary Breakup for a Biodiesel Surrogate Fuel (Methyl Butanoate) Using Transparent Nozzle,” Fuel 203:690-699, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.022.
- Koukouvinis, P., Gavaises, M., Li, J., and Wang, L., “Large Eddy Simulation of Diesel Injector Including Cavitation Effects and Correlation to Erosion Damage,” Fuel 175:26-39, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.037.
- Wang, X. and Su, W., “Numerical Investigation on Relationship between Injection Pressure Fluctuations and Unsteady Cavitation Processes inside High-Pressure Diesel Nozzle Holes,” Fuel 89(9):2252-2259, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.02.011.
- Yu, H., Goldsworthy, L., Brandner, P.A., Li, J. et al., “Modelling Thermal Effects in Cavitating High-Pressure Diesel Sprays Using an Improved Compressible Multiphase Approach,” Fuel 222:125-145, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.104.
- Payri, F., Bermúdez, V., Payri, R., and Salvador, F.J., “The Influence of Cavitation on the Internal Flow and the Spray Characteristics in Diesel Injection Nozzles,” Fuel 83(4):419-431, 2004, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2003.09.010.
- Desantes, J.M., Payri, R., Salvador, F.J., and Morena, J.D.L., “Influence of Cavitation Phenomenon on Primary Break-up and Spray Behavior at Stationary Conditions,” Fuel 89(10):3033-3041, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.004.
- Mitroglou, N., McLorn, M., Gavaises, M., Soteriou, C. et al., “Instantaneous and Ensemble Average Cavitation Structures in Diesel Micro-Channel Flow Orifices,” Fuel 116:736-742, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.060.
- Chen, Z., He, Z., Shang, W., Duan, L. et al., “Experimental Study on the Effect of Nozzle Geometry on String Cavitation in Real-Size Optical Diesel Nozzles and Spray Characteristics,” Fuel 232:562-571, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.132.
- Gilles-Birth, I., Bernhardt, S., Spicher, U., and Rechs, M., “A Study of the in-Nozzle Flow Characteristic of Valve Covered Orifice Nozzles for Gasoline Direct Injection,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3684, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-3684.
- Serras-Pereira, J., Romunde, Z.V., Aleiferis, P.G., Richardson, D. et al., “Cavitation, Primary Break-up and Flash Boiling of Gasoline, -Octane and -Pentane with a Real-Size Optical Direct-Injection Nozzle,” Fuel 89(9):2592-2607, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.030.
- Wang, Z., Dai, X., Li, F., Li, Y. et al., “Nozzle Internal Flow and Spray Primary Breakup with the Application of Closely Coupled Split Injection Strategy,” Fuel 228:187-196, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.161.
- Torelli, R., Som, S., Pei, Y., Zhang, Y. et al., “Influence of Fuel Properties on Internal Nozzle Flow Development in a Multi-Hole Diesel Injector,” Fuel 204:171-184, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.123.
- Jia, M., Xie, M., Liu, H., Lam, W.H. et al., “Numerical Simulation of Cavitation in the Conical-Spray Nozzle for Diesel Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Engines,” Fuel 90(8):2652-2661, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.04.017.
- Som, S. and Aggarwal, S.K., “Effects of Primary Breakup Modeling on Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engines,” Combustion & Flame 157(6):1179-1193, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.018.
- Som, S., Ramirez, A., Aggarwal, S., Kastengren, A. et al., “Development and Validation of a Primary Breakup Model for Diesel Engine Applications,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0838, 2009, doi:10.4271/2009-01-0838.
- Som, S., Ramirez, A. I., Longman, D. E., Aggarwal, S. K., "Effect of Nozzle Orifice Geometry on Spray, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics under Diesel Engine Conditions," Fuel, 90 (3): 1267-76, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.048; Arcoumanis, C., and Gavaises, M., "Linking Nozzle Flow with Spray Characteristics in a Diesel Fuel Injection System," Atomization and Sprays, 8(3), 1998, doi:10.1615/AtomizSpr.v8.i3.50.
- Mohan, B., Yang, W., and Chou, S.K., “Development of an Accurate Cavitation Coupled Spray Model for Diesel Engine Simulation,” Energy Conversion & Management 77(1):269-277, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.09.035.
- Li, D., Liu, S., Wei, Y., Liang, R. et al., “Numerical Investigation on Transient Internal Cavitating Flow and Spray Characteristics in a Single-Hole Diesel Injector Nozzle: A 3d Method for Cavitation-Induced Primary Break-Up,” Fuel 233:778-795, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.103.
- Asnaghi, A., Feymark, A., and Bensow, R.E., “Numerical Investigation of the Impact of Computational Resolution on Shedding Cavity Structures,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.021.
- Edelbauer, W., Strucl, J., and Morozov, A., Large Eddy Simulation of Cavitating Throttle Flow (Singapore: Springer, 2016), doi:10.1007/978-981-287-615-7_34.
- Liu, W., Kang, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, X. et al., “Self-Sustained Oscillation and Cavitation Characteristics of a Jet in a Helmholtz Resonator,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 68:158-172, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.10.004.
- Liu, W., Kang, Y., Zhang, M., Zhou, Y. et al., “Frequency Modulation and Erosion Performance of a Self-Resonating Jet,” Applied Sciences 7(9):932, 2017, doi:10.3390/app7090932.
- Long, X., Liu, Q., Ji, B., and Lu, Y., “Numerical Investigation of Two Typical Cavitation Shedding Dynamics Flow in Liquid Hydrogen with Thermodynamic Effects,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 109:879-893, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.02.063.
- Chen, T., Huang, B., Wang, G., and Zhao, X.A., “Numerical Study of Cavitating Flows in a Wide Range of Water Temperatures with Special Emphasis on Two Typical Cavitation Dynamics,” International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer 101:886-900, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.107.
- Zwart, P. J., Gerber, A. G., Belamri, T. “A Two-Phase Flow Model for Predicting Cavitation Dynamics,” Paper presented at the in Fifth International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Yokohama, Japan, 2004.
- Som, S., Aggarwal, S., El-Hannouny, E., and Longman, D., “Investigation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 132(4):042802, 2010, doi:10.1115/1.3203146.
- Som, S., Longman, D.E., Ramirez, A.I., and Aggarwal, S., “Influence of Nozzle Orifice Geometry and Fuel Properties on Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of a Diesel Injector,” . In: Fuel Injection in Automotive Engineering. (InTech, 2012).
- Daniel, D. and Joseph, “Cavitation and the State of Stress in a Flowing Liquid,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 366(366):367-378, 1998, doi:10.1017/S0022112098001530.
- Coutier-Delgosha, O., Fortes-Patella, R., and Reboud, J.L., “Evaluation of the Turbulence Model Influence on the Numerical Simulations of Unsteady Cavitation,” Journal of Fluids Engineering 125(1):38-45, 2008, doi:10.1115/1.1524584.
- Decaix, J. and Goncalvès, E., “Compressible Effects Modeling in Turbulent Cavitating Flows,” European Journal of Mechanics / B Fluids 39(39):11-31, 2013, doi:10.1016/j.euromechflu.2012.12.001.
- Reboud, J.-L., Stutz, B., Coutier, O. "Two Phase Flow Structure of Cavitation: Experiment and Modeling of Unsteady Effects," Paper presented at the in 3rd International Symposium on Cavitation CAV1998, Grenoble, France, 1998.
- Amsden, A.A., O'Rourke, P.J., and Butler, T.D., KIVA-II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays (NM (USA): Los Alamos National Lab, 1989).
- Amsden, A.A., “KIVA-3V, Release 2, Improvements to KIVA-3V,” Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Report No. LA-UR-99-915, 1999.
- Patterson, M.A. and Reitz, R.D., “Modeling the Effects of Fuel Spray Characteristics on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emission,” SAE Technical Paper 980131, 1998, doi:10.4271/980131.
- Su, T., Patterson, M., Reitz, R.D., and Farrell, P., “Experimental and Numerical Studies of High Pressure Multiple Injection Sprays,” SAE Technical Paper 960861, 1996, doi:10.4271/960861.
- Arcoumanis, C. and Gavaises, M., “Linking Nozzle Flow with Spray Characteristics in a Diesel Fuel Injection System,” Atomization and Sprays 8(3), 1998, doi:10.1615/AtomizSpr.v8.i3.50.
- Egerer, C.P., Hickel, S., Schmidt, S.J., and Adams, N.A., “Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Cavitating Flow in a Micro Channel,” Physics of Fluids 26(8):143-175, 2014, doi:10.1063/1.4891325.
- Brusiani, F., Negro, S., Bianchi, G.M., Moulai, M. et al., “Comparison of the Homogeneous Relaxation Model and a Rayleigh Plesset Cavitation Model in Predicting the Cavitating Flow through Various Injector Hole Shapes,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1613, 2013, doi:10.4271/2013-01-1613.
- Rakshit, S., and Schmidt, D. P., “Simulating Cavitating Flow in Fuel Injector Nozzles with an Equilibrium-Based Model,” in Proceedings of ILASS Americas, 2012.
- Morozov, A. and Iben, U., “Experimental Analysis and Simulation of Cavitating Throttle Flow,” in HEFAT 2008, 2008, doi:http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43052.
- Wen H., A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2004.