This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Diffuse Back-Illuminated Extinction Imaging of Soot: Effects of Beam Steering and Flame Luminosity
Technical Paper
2019-01-0011
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This study presents diagnostic development of diffuse back-illuminated extinction imaging of soot. The method provides high temporal and spatial resolution of the line-of-sight optical density of soot (KL) in compression-ignited fuel sprays relevant to automotive applications. The method is subjected to two major sources of error, beam steering effects and broadband flame luminosity effects. These were investigated in detail in a direct injection combustion chamber with diesel fuel, under high and low sooting conditions. A new method for correcting flame luminosity effects is presented and involves measuring the flame luminosity using a separate high-speed camera via a beam splitter. The new method and existing methods are applied and the resulting flame luminosity correction errors are compared. The new method yields 50% lower errors than the most promising method (optical flow method). The impact on KL was investigated, showing that the KL uncertainty when using the optical flow method is unbounded for KL values above 2.7, while the new method has an uncertainty of 0.5 for the maximum KL value of 3.8. The new method yields overall lower uncertainties and is more suited to measuring KL in optical thick conditions. Large refractive index gradients in the path of the incident light cause false attenuation, resulting in ambiguity of the measured KL, referred to as beam steering. A detailed investigation of the beam steering effects caused by the non-uniformities in the diffused light source was performed. A beam steering model was made and qualitatively validated from experiments. The results from the beam steering model showed the importance of having a large collection angle, in order to average out small-scale non-uniformities in the light source. The model also showed that large-scale non-uniformities in the light source could affect the measurement even if the collection angle is large.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bjørgen, K., Emberson, D., and Lovas, T., "Diffuse Back-Illuminated Extinction Imaging of Soot: Effects of Beam Steering and Flame Luminosity," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0011, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0011.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Hottel , H.C. and Broughton , F.P. Determination of True Temperature and Total Radiation from Luminous Gas Flames Use of Special Two-Color Optical Pyrometer Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 4 2 166 175 1932
- Payri , F. , Pastor , J.V. , García , J.M. , and Pastor , J.M. Contribution to the Application of Two-Colour Imaging to Diesel Combustion Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 8 2579 2598 2007 10.1088/0957-0233/18/8/034
- Kosaka , H. , Aizawa , T. , and Kamimoto , T. Two-Dimensional Imaging of Ignition and Soot Formation Processes in a Diesel Flame Int. J. Engine Res. 6 1 21 42 2005 10.1243/146808705X7347
- Sjöholm , J. , Wellander , R. , Bladh , H. , Richter , M. et al. Challenges for In-Cylinder High-Speed Two-Dimensional Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 1607 1622 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1280
- Musculus , M.P. , Dec , J.E. , and Tree , D.R. Effects of Fuel Parameters and Diffusion Flame Lift-Off on Soot Formation in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0889 2002 10.4271/2002-01-0889
- Zhao , H. and Ladommatos , N. Optical Diagnostics for Soot and Temperature Measurement in Diesel Engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24 3 221 255 1998
- Manin , J. , Pickett , L.M. , and Skeen , S.A. Two-Color Diffused Back-Illumination Imaging as a Diagnostic for Time-Resolved Soot Measurements in Reacting Sprays SAE Int. J. Engines 6 4 1908 1921 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2548
- Greenberg , P.S. and Ku , J.C. Soot Volume Fraction Imaging Appl. Opt. 36 22 5514 1997 10.1364/AO.36.005514
- Xu , Y. and Lee , C.F. Forward-Illumination Light-Extinction Technique for Soot Measurement Appl. Opt. 45 9 2046 2006 10.1364/AO.45.002046
- Thomson , K.A. , Johnson , M.R. , Snelling , D.R. , and Smallwood , G.J. Diffuse-Light Two-Dimentional Line-of-Sight Attenuation for Soot Concentration Measurements Appl. Opt. 47 5 2 11 2008
- Ghandhi , J.B. and Heim , D.M. An Optimized Optical System for Backlit Imaging Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80 5 80 83 2009 10.1063/1.3128728
- Westlye , F.R. , Penney , K. , Ivarsson , A. , Pickett , L.M. et al. Diffuse Back-Illumination Setup for High Temporally Resolved Extinction Imaging Appl. Opt. 56 17 5028 2017 10.1364/AO.56.005028
- Musculus , M.P.B. and Pickett , L.M. Diagnostic Considerations for Optical Laser-Extinction Measurements of Soot in High-Pressure Transient Combustion Environments Combust. Flame 141 4 371 391 2005
- Westlye , F.R. 2016
- Pastor , J.V. , Garcia-Oliver , J.M. , Novella , R. , and Xuan , T. Soot Quantification of Single-Hole Diesel Sprays by Means of Extinction Imaging SAE Int. J. Engines 8 5 2068 2077 2015 10.4271/2015-24-2417
- Pastor , J.V. , Garcia-Oliver , J.M. , Garcia , A. , and Pinotti , M. Soot Characterization of Diesel/Gasoline Blends Injected through a Single Injection System in CI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0048 2017 10.4271/2017-24-0048
- Skeen , S.A. and Yasutomi , K. Measuring the Soot Onset Temperature in High-Pressure N-Dodecane Spray Pyrolysis Combust. Flame 188 483 487 2018 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.09.030
- Pandurangi , S.S. , Bolla , M. , Wright , Y.M. , Boulouchos , K. et al. Onset and Progression of Soot in High-Pressure N-Dodecane Sprays under Diesel Engine Conditions Int. J. Engine Res. 18 5-6 436 452 2017 10.1177/1468087416661041
- ECN Website http://www.sandia.gov/ecn/index.php
- Skeen , S.A. , Manin , J. , Dalen , K. , and Pickett , L.M. Extinction-Based Imaging of Soot Processes over a Range of Diesel Operating Conditions 8th US Natl Combust. Meet 2013 1 13
- Willert , C. , Stasicki , B. , Klinner , J. , and Moessner , S. Pulsed Operation of High-Power Light Emitting Diodes for Imaging Flow Velocimetry Meas. Sci. Technol. 21 7 075402 2010 10.1088/0957-0233/21/7/075402
- Sun , D. Secrets of Optical Flow Estimation and Their Principles Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog 2010 2432 2439