This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Numerical Investigation of the Spark Plug Orientation Effects on Flame Kernel Growth
Technical Paper
2019-01-0005
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Spark plug design is critical for the performance of spark ignited (SI) engines, however, its orientation is frequently not controlled for most of production engines, which has great impacts on ignition and subsequent flame propagation processes. In the present work, a recently developed comprehensive ignition system model--the VTF ignition model, has been employed to investigate the effects of spark plug orientation on ignition and flame kernel growth. Three orientations for the spark plug, including downstream, crossflow, and upstream relative to the flow, have been considered under a typical a high-speed high-load condition in a GDI engine. Electrical circuitry model was validated by comparing the simulation results with measured secondary current and secondary voltage with good agreement. Engine simulation results show that different spark plug orientations have different velocity distributions near the spark plug, which consequently influences arc growth including arc length, arc location and energy deposition due to its interaction with local gas flow field. In particular, it is found that the ground strap blocks the tumble flow and generates a recirculation zone behind in the upstream configuration, which substantially limits the arc and flame kernel growth. Meanwhile, these orientation differences can also result in different contact surface area with the solid structure that enhances heat loss and facilitates flame quenching, both of which will slow down flame kernel growth. This work provides useful guidance on general spark-ignition modeling and emphasizes the significance of spark plug orientation in engine design and calibration.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Ge, H. and Zhao, P., "Numerical Investigation of the Spark Plug Orientation Effects on Flame Kernel Growth," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0005, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0005.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals New York Mcgraw-hill 1988
- Lee , Y.G. , Grimes , D.A. , Boehler , J.T. , Sparrow , J. et al. A Study of the Effects of Spark Plug Electrode Design on 4-Cycle Spark-Ignition Engine Performance SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1210 2000 10.4271/2000-01-1210
- Pischinger , S. and Heywood , J.B. How Heat Losses to the Spark Plug Electrodes Affect Flame Kernel Development in an SI-Engine SAE Technical Paper 900021 1990 10.4271/900021
- Ozdor , N. , Dulger , M. , and Sher , E. An Experimental Study of the Cyclic Variability in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 960611 1996 10.4271/960611
- Ozdor , N. , Dulger , M. , and Sher , E. Cyclic Variability in Spark Ignition Engines a Literature Survey SAE Technical Paper 940987 1994 10.4271/940987
- Mantel , T. Three Dimensional Study of Flame Kernel Formation around a Spark Plug SAE Technical Paper 920587 10.4271/920587
- Fontanesi , S. , d’Adamo , A. , and Rutland , C.J. Large-Eddy Simulation Analysis of Spark Configuration Effect on Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of Combustion and Knock International Journal of Engine Research 16 403 418 2015 10.1177/1468087414566253
- Herweg , R. and Maly , R. A Fundamental Model for Flame Kernel Formation in SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 922243 1992 10.4271/922243
- Herweg , R. , Begleris , P. , Zettlitz , A. , and Ziegler , G. Flow Field Effects on Flame Kernel Formation in a Spark-Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 881639 1988 10.4271/881639
- Shen , H. , Hinze , P.C. , and Heywood , J.B. A Model for Flame Initiation and Early Development in SI Engine and its Application to Cycle-to-Cycle Variations SAE Technical Paper 942049 1994 10.4271/942049
- Gülder , Ö.L. Laminar Burning Velocities of Methanol, Ethanol and Isooctane-Air Mixtures Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 19 275 81 1982 10.1016/S0082-0784(82)80198-7
- Fan , L. and Reitz , R.D. Development of an Ignition and Combustion Model for Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2809 2000 10.4271/2000-01-2809
- Tan , Z.C. and Reitz , R.D. Modeling Ignition and Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a Level Set Method SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0722 2003 10.4271/2003-01-0722
- Tan , Z. and Reitz , R.D. An Ignition and Combustion Model Based on the Level-Set Method for Spark Ignition Engine Multidimensional Modeling Combustion and Flame 145 1 15 2006 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.12.007
- Richards , K. , Senecal , P. , and Pomraning , E. CONVERGE 2.4 Manual Madison, WI Convergent Science, Inc 2017
- Liang , L. , Naik , C.V. , Puduppakkam , K. et al. Efficient Simulation of Diesel Engine Combustion Using Realistic Chemical Kinetics in CFD SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0178 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0178
- Duclos , J. and Colin , O. Arc and Kernel Tracking Ignition Model for 3D Spark-Ignition Engine Calculations International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines 46 2001
- Colin , O. , Benkenida , A. , and Angelberger , C. 3D Modeling of Mixing, Ignition and Combustion Phenomena in Highly Stratified Gasoline Engines Oil & Gas Science and Technology 58 47 62 2003 10.2516/ogst:2003004
- Robert , A. , Richard , S. , Colin , O. , Martinez , L. et al. LES Prediction and Analysis of Knocking Combustion in a Spark Ignition Engine Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35 2941 2948 2015
- Zellat , M. , Desoutter , G. , Abouri , D. , Desportes , A. et al. A New Spark Model for SI Engine in STAR-CD: The Imposed Stretch Spark Ignition Model-Concept and Preliminary Validations to SI-GDI Combustion International Multidimensional Engine Modeling User's Group Meeting 2013
- Colin , O. and Truffin , K. A Spark Ignition Model for Large Eddy Simulation Based on an FSD Transport Equation (ISSIM-LES) Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 3097 3104 2011 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.023
- d’Adamo , A. , Breda , S. , and Cantore , G. Large-Eddy Simulation of Cycle-Resolved Knock in a Turbocharged SI Engine Energy Procedia 82 45 50 2015
- Falfari , S. and Bianchi , G. Development of an Ignition Model for SI Engines Simulation SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0148 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0148
- Dahms , R.N. , Drake , M.C. , Fansler , T.D. , Kuo , T.-W. et al. Understanding Ignition Processes in Spray-Guided Gasoline Engines Using High-Speed Imaging and the Extended Spark-Ignition Model SparkCIMM. Part a: Spark Channel Processes and the Turbulent Flame Front Propagation Combustion and Flame 158 2229 2244 2011 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.03.012
- Lucchini , T. , Cornolti , L. , Montenegro , G. et al. A Comprehensive Model to Predict the Initial Stage of Combustion in SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1087 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1087
- Zhang , A. , Scarcelli , R. , Lee , S.-Y. , Wallner , T. et al. Numerical Investigation of Spark Ignition Events in Lean and Dilute Methane/Air Mixtures Using a Detailed Energy Deposition Model SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0609 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0609
- Ge , H.W. and Zhao , P. A Comprehensive Ignition System Model for Spark Ignition Engines ASME ICEF2018-9574 2018 10.1115/ICEF2018-9574
- Pashley , N. , Stone , R. , and Roberts , G. Ignition System Measurement Techniques and Correlations for Breakdown and Arc Voltages and Currents SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0245 2000 10.4271/2000-01-0245
- Kim , J. and Anderson , R.W. Spark Anemometry of Bulk Gas Velocity at the Plug Gap of a Firing Engine SAE Technical Paper 952459 1995 10.4271/952459
- Han , Z. and Reitz , R.D. Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines Using RNG κ-ε Models Combustion Science and Technology 106 267 295 1995
- Beale , J.C. and Reitz , R.D. Modeling Spray Atomization with the Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model Atomization and Sprays 9 1999 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v9.i6.40
- Schmidt , D.P. and Rutland , C. A New Droplet Collision Algorithm Journal of Computational Physics 164 62 80 2000 10.1006/jcph.2000.6568
- Amsden , A.A. , O'rourke , P. , and Butler , T. KIVA-II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays NM, USA Los Alamos National Lab. 1989
- Liu , Y.-D. , Jia , M. , Xie , M.-Z. , and Pang , B. Enhancement on a Skeletal Kinetic Model for Primary Reference Fuel Oxidation by Using a Semidecoupling Methodology Energy & Fuels 26 7069 7083 2012 10.1021/ef301242b
- O'Rourke , P. and Amsden , A. Three Dimensional Numerical Simulations of the UPS-292-SC Engine NM, USA Los Alamos National Lab 1987