This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development and Validation of a Submodel for Thermal Exchanges in the Hydraulic Circuits of a Global Engine Model
Technical Paper
2018-01-0160
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
To face the current challenges of the automotive industry, there is a need for computational models capable to simulate the engine behavior under low-temperature and low-pressure conditions. Internal combustion engines are complex and have interconnected systems where many processes take place and influence each other. Thus, a global approach to engine simulation is suitable to study the entire engine performance. The circuits that distribute the hydraulic fluids -liquid fuels, coolants and lubricants- are critical subsystems of the engine. This work presents a 0D model which was developed and set up to make possible the simulation of hydraulic circuits in a global engine model. The model is capable of simulating flow and pressure distributions as well as heat transfer processes in a circuit. After its development, the thermo-hydraulic model was implemented in a physical based engine model called Virtual Engine Model (VEMOD), which takes into account all the relevant relations among subsystems. In the present paper, the thermo-hydraulic model is described and then it is used to simulate oil and coolant circuits of a diesel engine. The objective of the work is to validate the model under steady-state and transient operation, with focus on the thermal evolution of oil and coolant. For validation under steady-state conditions, 22 operating points were measured and simulated, some of them in cold environment. In general, good agreement was obtained between simulation and experiments. Next, the WLTP driving cycle was simulated starting from warmed-up conditions and from ambient temperature. Results were compared with the experiment, showing that modeled trends were close to those experimentally measured. Thermal evolutions of oil and coolant were predicted with mean errors between 0.7 °C and 2.1 °C. In particular, the warm-up phase was satisfactorily modeled.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Broatch, A., Olmeda, P., Martin, J., and Salvador-Iborra, J., "Development and Validation of a Submodel for Thermal Exchanges in the Hydraulic Circuits of a Global Engine Model," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0160, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0160.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
[Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 2] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 3] |
Also In
References
- Martin, J., Arnau, F.J., Piqueras, P., and Auñón, A., “Development of an integrated Virtual Engine Model to simulate new standard testing cycles,” SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1413, 2018.
- Torregrosa, A., Olmeda, P., Garcia-Ricos, A., Natividad, J., and Romero, C.A., “A Methodology for the Design of Engine Cooling Systems in Standalone Applications,” SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0325, 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-0325.
- Gao, Z., Conklin, J.C., Daw, C.S., and Chakravarthy, V.K., “A Proposed Methodology for Estimating Transient Engine-out Temperature and Emissions from Steady-State Maps,” International Journal of Engine Research 11(2):137-151, 2010, doi:10.1243/14680874JER05609.
- Xin, J., Shih, S., Itano, E., Maeda, Y. et al., “Theoretical Consideration to Improve Engine Cooling and Application of Coupling 3D Combustion Simulations with Heat Transfer in Water Jacket and Components,” Honda R&D Technical Review 15(2):117-125, 2003 NII:40005956609.
- Choi, K.W., Kim, K.B., and Lee, K.H., “Investigation of Emission Characteristics Affected by New Cooling System in a Diesel Engine,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23(7):1866-1870, 2009, doi:10.1007/s12206-009-0616-9.
- Pang, H., Brace, C., and Akehurst, S., “Potential of a Controllable Engine Cooling System to Reduce NOx Emissions in Diesel Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0054, 2004, doi:10.4271/2004-01-0054.
- Gumus, M., “Reducing Cold-Start Emission from Internal Combustion Engines by Means of Thermal Energy Storage System,” Applied Thermal Engineering 29(4):652-660, 2009, doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.03.044.
- Allen, D. and Lasecki, M., “Thermal Management Evolution and Controlled Coolant Flow,” SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1732, 2001, doi:10.4271/2001-01-1732.
- Trapy, J. and Damiral, P., “An Investigation of Lubricating System Warm-up for the Improvement of Cold Start Efficiency and Emissions of S.I. Automotive Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 902089, 1990, doi:10.4271/902089.
- Cortona, E. and Onder, C., “Engine Thermal Management with Electric Cooling Pump,” SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0965, 2000, doi:10.4271/2000-01-0965.
- Broatch, A., Luján, J.M., Ruiz, S., and Olmeda, P., “Measurement of Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions during the Starting of Automotive DI Diesel Engines,” International Journal of Automotive Technology 9(2):129-140, 2008, doi:10.1007/s12239−008−0017−6.
- Romero, C., Torregrosa, A., Olmeda, P., and Martin, J., “Energy Balance during the Warm-Up of a Diesel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-0676, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-0676.
- Roberts, A., Brooks, R., and Shipway, P., “Internal Combustion Engine Cold-Start Efficiency: A Review of the Problem, Causes and Potential Solutions,” Energy Conversion and Management 82:327-350, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.03.002.
- Osman, A., Muhammad Yusof, M., and Rafi, M., “Vehicle Testing and Development Involving a Simplified Split Cooling with Integrated Exhaust Heat Recovery and Reuse,” SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0647, 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-0647.
- Goettler, H., Vidger, L., and Majkrzak, D., “The Effect of Exhaust-to-Coolant Heat Transfer on Warm-Up Time and Fuel Consumption of two Automobile Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 860363, 1986, doi:10.4271/860363.
- Taylor, O., Pearson, R., and Stone, R., “Reduction of CO2 Emissions through Lubricant Thermal Management during the Warm Up of Passenger Car Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0892, 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-0892.
- Luptowski, B., Arici, O., Johnson, J., and Parker, G., “Development of the Enhanced Vehicle and Engine Cooling System Simulation and Application to Active Cooling Control,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0697, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-0697.
- Cipollone, R. and Villante, C., “A Fully Transient Model for Advanced Engine Thermal Management,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2059, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-2059.
- Cipollone, R., Di Battista, D., and Gualtieri, A., “A Novel Engine Cooling System with two Circuits Operating at Different Temperatures,” Energy Conversion and Management 75:581-592, 2013, doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.010.
- Torregrosa, A.J., Broatch, A., Olmeda, P., and Romero, C., “Assessment of the Influence of Different Cooling System Configurations on Engine Warm-Up, Emissions and Fuel Consumption,” International Journal of Automotive Technology 9(4):447-458, 2008, doi:10.1007/s12239−008−0054−1.
- Caresana, F., Bilancia, M., and Bartolini, C.M., “Numerical Method for Assessing the Potential of Smart Engine Thermal Management: Application to a Medium-Upper Segment Passenger Car,” Applied Thermal Engineering 31(16):3559-3568, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.07.017.
- Park, K.S., Won, J.P., and Heo, H.S., “Thermal Flow Analysis of Vehicle Engine Cooling System,” KSME International Journal 16(7):975-985, 2002, doi:10.1007/BF02949727.
- Banjac, T., Wurzenberger, J.C., and Katrašnik, T., “Assessment of Engine Thermal Management through Advanced System Engineering Modeling,” Advances in Engineering Software 71:19-33, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2014.01.016.
- Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, Official Journal of the European Union, June 2007.
- Galindo, J., Serrano, J.R., Arnau, F.J., and Piqueras, P., “Description of a Semi-Independent Time Discretization Methodology for a One-Dimensional Gas Dynamics Model,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 131:034504-034505, 2009, doi:10.1115/1.2983015.
- Galindo, J., Tiseira, A., Navarro, R., Tarí, D. et al., “Compressor Efficiency Extrapolation for 0D-1D Engine Simulations,” SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0554 2016, 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-0554.
- Serrano, J.R., Arnau, F.J., García-Cuevas, L.M., Dombrovsy, A., and Tartoussi, H., “Development and Validation of a Radial Turbine Efficiency and Mass Flow Model at Design and off-Design Conditions,” Energy Conversion and Management 128:281-293, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.09.032.
- Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Martín, J., and García, A., “A Complete 0D Thermodynamic Predictive Model for Direct Injection Diesel Engines,” Applied Energy 88(12):4632-4641, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.005.
- Arrègle, J., López, J., Martín, J., and Mocholí, E., “Development of a Mixing and Combustion Zero-Dimensional Model for Diesel Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1382, 2006, doi:10.4271/2006-01-1382.
- Torregrosa, A.J., Olmeda, P., Martín, J., and Romero, C., “A Tool for Predicting the Thermal Performance of a Diesel Engine,” Heat Transfer Engineering 32(10):891-904, 2011, doi:10.1080/01457632.2011.548639.
- Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Martín, J., and Carreño, R., “A New Tool to Perform Global Energy Balances in DI Diesel Engines,” SAE International Journal of Engines 7(1):43-59, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-0665.
- Payri, F., Arnau, F.J., Piqueras, P., and Ruiz, M.J., “Lumped Flow-Through and Wall-Flow Monolithic Reactors Modelling for Real-Time Automotive Applications,” SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0954, 2018.
- Martín, J., Piqueras, P., García-Cuevas, L.M., and Sanchis, E.J., “Lumped DOC Modelling Approach for Fluid-Dynamic Simulation under Engine Dynamic Operation”, presented at 15th EAEC European Automotive Congress, 2017
- Shah, R.K. and Sekulic, D.P., “Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design,” Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons (2003), ISBN: 978-0-471-32171-2.
- Boulos P.F., Lansey, K.E., and Karney, B.W., “Comprehensive Water Distribution Systems Analysis Handbook for Engineers and Planners, Second Edition,” (MWH Soft, 2006), ISBN: 9780974568959.
- Eigen, eigen.tuxfamily.org, accessed Sept. 2017.
- Powell, M.J.D., “An Efficient Method for Finding the Minimum of a Function of Several Variables without Calculating Derivatives,” Computer Journal 7(2):155-162, 1964, doi:10.1093/comjnl/7.2.155.
- Torregrosa, A.J., Olmeda, P., Degraeuwe, B., and Reyes, M., “A Concise Wall Temperature Model for DI Diesel Engines,” Applied Thermal Engineering 26(11-12):1320-1327, 2006, doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.021.
- Payri, F., Margot, X., Gil, A., and Martin, J., “Computational Study of Heat Transfer to the Walls of a DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0210 2005, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-0210.
- Broatch, A., Olmeda, P., García, A., Salvador-Iborra, J., and Warey, A., “Impact of Swirl on in-Cylinder Heat Transfer in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine,” Energy 119:1010-1023, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.040.
- Dittus, F.W. and Boelter, L.M.K., “Heat Transfer in Automobile Radiators of the Tubular Type,” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 12(1):3-22, 1985, doi:10.1016/0735-1933(85)90003-X.
- Bohac, S., Baker, D., and Assanis, D., “A Global Model For Steady State and Transient S.I. Engine Heat Transfer Studies,” SAE Technical Paper 960073, 1996, doi:10.4271/960073.
- Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F.J., Dombrovsky, A., and Smith, L., “External Heat Losses in Small Turbochargers: Model and Experiments,” Energy 71:534-546, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.096.
- Serrano, J.R., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F.J., Reyes-Belmonte, M.A., and Tartoussi, H., “A Study on the Internal Convection in Small Turbochargers. Proposal of Heat Transfer Convective Coefficients,” Applied Thermal Engineering 89:587-599, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.053.