This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
TWC Using Advanced Spinel Materials and Prospects for BSVI Compliance
Technical Paper
2017-26-0126
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In the context of evolving market conditions, the three-way catalyst (TWC) design is entering an exciting new phase. It remains the main emission control strategy for gasoline powered vehicles in the broad context of evolving engine technology; the move to more real-world, transient testing and much tighter tailpipe emissions regulations. The specific context here is the launch of BSVI regulations for gasoline passenger cars in India.
The key approach described here is to achieve highly beneficial emission performance based on low PGM levels with the emphasis on new materials technology to significantly alter the functional balance between PGM and “promoters”. We will focus on the design of materials with the spinel structure and have developed catalyst products that synergize low levels of PGM (so-called SPGM) leveraging the key properties of the advanced spinel oxides. Microstructure studies on the spinel oxide with newly developed composition confirm the aging stability [1,2]. Vehicle test data are reported for 10 g/ft3 SPGM close-coupled (CC) and 2 g/ft3 SPGM Underfloor (UF) catalysts based on the advanced spinel material. In addition transient performance of the SPGM TWC (with Spinel) will be illustrated with WLTC with a manifold mounted single CCC. Engine-out conditions at critical “stress points” will be analyzed with a view to the critical NOx conversion challenge in WLTC.
Prior to testing on tier2 bin 4 turbo gasoline direct injection (TGDi) vehicle using FTP and US06 drive cycles, the tested SPGM CC and UF catalysts are aged under standard 4-mode aging cycle. Our initial data show that SPGM UF performs as effectively as the standard high PGM technology UF catalyst, with lower weighted tailpipe NOx. In addition, SPGM CC catalyst with the low PGM loading (10 g/ft3) performs as effectively as the standard high PGM (>100 g/ft3) technology CC catalyst for NOx and CO conversions, but leaving a room for the improvement of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) conversion performance.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Golden, S., Nazarpoor, Z., and Liu, R., "TWC Using Advanced Spinel Materials and Prospects for BSVI Compliance," SAE Technical Paper 2017-26-0126, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0126.Also In
References
- Nazarpoor , Z , Golden , S. Development of Spinel Mixed Metal Oxide with Enhanced Oxygen Storage Capacity for Zero-PGM Three Way Catalyst North American Catalysis Society meeting-NAM 24 Pittsburg, PA June 14-19, 2015
- Golden , S. , Nazarpoor , Z. , Kleebe , H. J. , Trapp , M. Development of Spinel™ Mixed Metal Oxides for Zero-Precious Metal and Ultra-Low Precious Metal Next-Generation TWC 6th Annual Global Congress of Catalysis 2015 (GCC-2015) Xi'an, China September 24- 26
- Kovalevsky , A. V. , Naumovich , E. N. , Yaremchenko , A. A. , and Frade , J. R. High-temperature conductivity, stability and redox properties of Fe 3- x Al x O 4 spinel-type materials J. European Ceramic Soc. 32 3255 3263 2012 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.04.040
- Centi , G. , and Cavani , F. Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis Kluwer Publication New York 2001
- Hodnett , B. K. Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation: Fundamental and Technological Aspects of the Selective and Total Oxidation of Organic Compounds John Wiley & Sons New York 2000
- Golden , S. , Nazarpoor , Z. , and Launois , M. Novel Mixed Metal Oxide Structure for Next Generation Three-Way Catalysts SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1007 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1007
- Golden , S. , Nazarpoor , Z. , Launois , M. , Liu , R. et al. Development of Non-Copper Advanced Spinel Mixed Metal Oxides for Zero-Precious Metal and Ultra-Low Precious Metal Next-Generation TWC SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0933 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0933
- Yao , H.C. , and Shelef , M. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide chemisorption on cobalt-containing spinels J. Phys. Chem. 78 2490 2496 1974 10.1021/j100617a015
- Wachs , I. E. , and Routray , k. Catalysis Science of Bulk Mixed Oxides ACS Catal. 2 1235 1246 2012 10.1021/cs2005482
- Kooti , M. , and Naghdi Sedeh , A. Synthesis and Characterization of NiFe 2 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles by Combustion Method J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29 34 38 2013 10.1016/j.jmst.2012.11.016
- O’Brien , C. J. , Rák , Z. , and Brenner , D.W. Free energies of (Co, Fe, Ni, Zn)Fe 2 O 4 spinels and oxides in water at high temperatures and pressure from density functional theory: results for stoichiometric NiO and NiFe 2 O 4 surfaces J. Phys.: Condens .Matter. 25 44 445008 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/44/445008
- Kumar , P. V. , Short , M. P. , Yip , S. , and Yildiz , B. et.al. High surface reactivity and water adsorption on NiFe 2 O 4 (111) surface J. Phys. Chem. C 117 5678 5683 2013 10.1021/jp309434a
- Xiao , Y. , Zai , J. , Tao , L. , and Li , B. et.al. MnFe 2 O 4 -graphene nanocomposites with enhanced performances as anode materials for Li-ion batteries Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 11 3939 3945 2013 10.1039/C3CP50220A
- Kim , J-G. , Seo , J-W. , Cheon , J. , and Kim , Y-J. Rietveld Analysis of Nano-crystalline MnFe 2 O 4 with Electron Powder Diffraction Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 30 183 187 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.1.183
- Huang , Y-H. , Wang , S. F. , Tsai , A. P. , and Kameoka , S. Reduction Behaviors and Catalytic Properties for Methanol Steam Reforming of Cu-based Spinel Compounds CuX 2 O 4 (X=Fe, Mn, Al, La) Ceram. Int. 40 4541 4551 2014 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.08.130
- Benrabaa , R. , Löfberg , A. , Caballero , J.E. , and Bordes-Richard , E. et.al. Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Supported Nickel Ferrite Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane Catal. Commun. 58 127 131 2015 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.09.019
- Takahashi M. Development of Iron Catalyst Technologies to Improve Exhaust-emission Purification Performance for Gasoline Engines Transactions of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan 45 2 197 202 2014
- Hanaki , Y. , Fujimoto , M. , and Itou , J. Alternative Technology for Platinum Group Metals in Automobile Exhaust Gas Catalysts SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0930 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0930