This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fundamental Study of GPF Performance on Soot and Ash Accumulation over Artemis Urban and Motorway Cycles - Comparison of Engine Bench Results with GPF Durability Study on Road
Technical Paper
2017-24-0127
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
With the increased use of engines utilizing direct fuel injection and the upcoming introduction of more stringent emissions legislation that regulates not only particulate mass (PM) but also particulate number (PN), the emissions from Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines (DISI) are an increasing concern. Gasoline Particle Filters (GPF) represent a potential way to reduce particle number emissions from DISI engines and are particularly effective considering the tough performance requirements during cold start and over RDE operation. Even though some learning from the development and application of particulate filters to diesel engines can be transferred to gasoline engines, the particle composition, mass to number ratio as well as the exhaust gas temperature and composition from gasoline engines are significantly different to diesel engines. Therefore, there is the need to study the application of particulate filters to gasoline engines in more depth. Of particular concern, is the understanding of the ash accumulation mechanism within the GPF and its negative impact on the backpressure over lifetime.
This paper presents the results from a fundamental study of an uncoated ceramic GPF in the exhaust after-treatment system of a 1.6 litre turbo DISI engine. Soot and ash accumulation data are reported comparing two aggressive driving cycles (Artemis Urban vs. Artemis Motorway). Each cycle was operated for 20k km on a dynamic engine bench. PN emissions were then measured over WLTC and NEDC test cycles after 20k km. The results are discussed with respect to the differences from each cycle for the ash formation and backpressure increase; it also considers the possibility of extrapolating the results to a more balanced driving pattern over 160k km. Results from the engine bench investigation are compared to a vehicle durability run, using the same engine and type of GPF in the under-floor (UF) location.
Results show PN filtration efficiency of the GPF, above 70% in fresh condition and above 90% with increasing mileage. Further, low soot accumulation and low ash amounts were detected after the durability run was completed. Ash is mainly related to the oil consumption of the engine and small differences were observed between the two Artemis cycles. In particular the Artemis Urban cycle shows higher ash amount over 20k km (1.26 g/l) compared to the Artemis Motorway (0.4 g/l). These ash values from the engine bench correlate well with the findings of the vehicle durability run. Post mortem analysis (PMA) of the GPF after both engine bench and vehicle durability tests are also reported.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Rubino, L., Thier, D., Schumann, T., Guettler, S. et al., "Fundamental Study of GPF Performance on Soot and Ash Accumulation over Artemis Urban and Motorway Cycles - Comparison of Engine Bench Results with GPF Durability Study on Road," SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0127, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0127.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Johnson , T. Vehicular Emissions in Review SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1258 1275 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0919
- Peters , A. Health Effects of Ambient Ultrafine Particles - New Evidence from Epidemiological Studies presentation at European Federation of Clean Air and Environmental Protection Associations (EFCA) International Symposium, Ultrafine Particles -Air Quality and Climate Brussels May 4-5, 2015
- Muñoz Fernandez Maria , Heeb , N. PAH and Nitro-PAH Emissions from GDI Vehicles presentation at 19th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles June 28th -July 1st, 2015 Zurich
- Badshah , H. , Kittelson , D. , and Northrop , W. Particle Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles during Cold-Cold Start SAE Int. J. Engines 9 3 1775 1785 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0997
- Schmitz , T. , Siemund , S. , Siani , A. , Neubauer , T. , Burk , P. Gasoline Particulate Emission Reduction by Using Four Way Conversion Catalyst presentation at Hyundai Kia International Power Train Conference 2015 Korea October 27-28, 2015
- Naomi Zimmerman , Wang Jonathan M , Jeong Cheol-Heon , Manuel Ramos et. al Field Measurements of Gasoline Direct Injection Emission Factors: Spatial and Seasonal Variability Environ. Sci. Technol. 10.1021/acs.est.5b04444
- Guan B. , Zhan R. , Lin H. and Huang Z. Review of the state-of-the-art of exhaust particulate filter technology in internal combustion engines Elsevier, Journal of Environmental Management 154 2015 225 258
- Jorgensen J. , Murray T. Sappok A. , Wong V. et al. The Effect of Ash Accumulation on Gasoline Particulate Filters: A Comparison between Laboratory and Field Aged Samples Proceedings of the ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF 2014-5473
- Sappok , A. , Wang , Y. , Wang , R. , Kamp , C. et al. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Ash Accumulation and Mobility in Ceramic Exhaust Particulate Filters and Potential for Improved Ash Management SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 2 511 524 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1517
- Seong , H. J. , Choi , S. Particulate Emissions Control by Advanced Filtration Systems for GDI Engines Project ID: ACE024, DOE Annual Merit Review & Peer Evaluation Meeting June 11, 2015 Washington, DC
- Czerwinski , J. , Comte , P. , Wichser , A. , Mayer , A. et al. Experiences from Nanoparticle Research on Four Gasoline Cars SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1079 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1079
- Ito , Y. , Shimoda , T. , Aoki , T. , Yuuki , K. et al. Next Generation of Ceramic Wall Flow Gasoline Particulate Filter with Integrated Three Way Catalyst SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1073 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1073
- Lambert , C. , Bumbaroska , M. , Dobson , D. , Hangas , J. et al. Analysis of High Mileage Gasoline Exhaust Particle Filters SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1296 1304 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0941
- Rose D. , Coulet B. , Nicolin P. et al Field-Study and Durability Evaluations on GDI Vehicles Equipped with Various Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF) Concepts 25th Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology
- Custer , N. , Kamp , C. , Sappok , A. , Pakko , J. et al. Lubricant-Derived Ash Impact on Gasoline Particulate Filter Performance SAE Int. J. Engines 9 3 1604 1614 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0942
- Guan B. , Zhan R. , Lin H. , Huang Z. Review of the State-of-the-Art of Exhaust Particulate Filter Technology in Internal Combustion Engines Journal of Environment Management 154 2015 225 258
- Maricq , M. , Podsiadlik , D. , Brehob , D. , and Haghgooie , M. Particulate Emissions from a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) Engine SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1530 1999 10.4271/1999-01-1530