This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Investigating the Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Biomass-Derived Platform Fuels as Gasoline Extenders in a Single Cylinder Spark-Ignition Engine
Technical Paper
2017-01-2325
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuels presents an alternative to the current production of renewable fuels for IC engines from food crops. However, realising the potential for reductions in net CO2 emissions through the utilisation of, for example, waste biomass for sustainable fuel production requires that energy and resource inputs into such processes be minimised. This work therefore investigates the combustion and emission characteristics of five intermediate platform molecules potentially derived from lignocellulosic biomass: gamma-valerolactone (GVL), methyl valerate, furfuryl alcohol, furfural and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF).
The study was conducted on a naturally aspirated, water cooled, single cylinder spark-ignition engine. Each of the platform molecules were blended with reference fossil gasoline at 20 % wt/wt. The experiments were performed at constant engine speed (1200 rpm), with the throttle position and fuel flowrate being adjusted for every test to maintain a constant engine load and equivalence ratio (0.95-0.98). Knock limits were determined for each test fuel blend by advancing the spark timing, and heat release rates were analysed to investigate the impact of the platform molecules on flame propagation speeds. The lowest and highest knock limit were exhibited by furfural and furfuryl alcohol blends, respectively. Emissions of NOx, CO, particulate mass and total particle number exhaust emissions showed a greater sensitivity to engine air fuel equivalence ratio than properties of the platform molecules tested as blends. The particulates from the furfural blend had peak particle diameters of 40 nm, while those from furfural alcohol had a peak particle diameter of 80 nm.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Talibi, M., Hellier, P., and Ladommatos, N., "Investigating the Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Biomass-Derived Platform Fuels as Gasoline Extenders in a Single Cylinder Spark-Ignition Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2325, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2325.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Gosling , S.N. and Arnell , N.W. A global assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity Clim. Change 134 3 371 385 2016 10.1007/s10584-013-0853-x
- Zecca , A. and Chiari , L. Fossil-fuel constraints on global warming Energy Policy 38 1 1 3 2010 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.068
- McGlade , C. and Ekins , P. The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 °C Nature 517 7533 187 190 2015 10.1038/nature14016
- Turner , M.C. , Jerrett , M. , Pope , C.A. , Krewski , D. , Gapstur , S.M. , Diver , W.R. , Beckerman , B.S. , Marshall , J.D. , Su , J. , Crouse , D.L. , and Burnett , R.T. Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 193 10 1134 1142 2016 10.1164/rccm.201508-1633OC
- Wang , T. , Jerrett , M. , Sinsheimer , P. , and Zhu , Y. Estimating PM2.5-associated mortality increase in California due to the Volkswagen emission control defeat device Atmos. Environ. 144 168 174 2016 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.074
- European Commission and European Parliament and Council Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources Off. J. Eur. Union 16 62 2009
- US EPA Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/index.htm 2005
- Yang , H. , Zhou , Y. , and Liu , J. Land and water requirements of biofuel and implications for food supply and the environment in China Energy Policy 37 5 1876 1885 2009 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.035
- The European Parliament and The Council of the European Union DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/1513 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 2015
- Tuck , C.O. , Pérez , E. , Horváth , I.T. , Sheldon , R.A. , and Poliakoff , M. Valorization of Biomass: Deriving More Value from Waste Science (80-.) 337 6095 2012
- Dautzenberg , G. , Gerhardt , M. , and Kamm , B. Bio based fuels and fuel additives from lignocellulose feedstock via the production of levulinic acid and furfural Holzforschung 65 4 439 451 2011 10.1515/hf.2011.081
- Mariscal , R. , Maireles-Torres , P. , Ojeda , M. , Sádaba , I. , and López Granados , M. Furfural: a renewable and versatile platform molecule for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels Energy Environ. Sci. 9 4 1144 1189 2016 10.1039/C5EE02666K
- Yan , K. and Chen , A. Selective hydrogenation of furfural and levulinic acid to biofuels on the ecofriendly Cu-Fe catalyst Fuel 115 101 108 2014
- Hoppe , F. , Burke , U. , Thewes , M. , Heufer , A. , Kremer , F. , and Pischinger , S. Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass: Potentials of 2-butanone and 2-methylfuran in direct injection spark ignition engines Fuel 167 106 117 2016 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.039
- Wang , C. , Xu , H. , Daniel , R. , Ghafourian , A. , Herreros , J.M. , Shuai , S. , and Ma , X. Combustion characteristics and emissions of 2-methylfuran compared to 2,5-dimethylfuran, gasoline and ethanol in a DISI engine Fuel 103 0 200 211 2013
- Ma , X. , Xu , H. , Jiang , C. , and Shuai , S. Ultra-high speed imaging and OH-LIF study of DMF and MF combustion in a DISI optical engine Appl. Energy 122 247 260 2014 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.071
- Wei , H. , Feng , D. , Shu , G. , Pan , M. , Guo , Y. , Gao , D. , and Li , W. Experimental investigation on the combustion and emissions characteristics of 2-methylfuran gasoline blend fuel in spark-ignition engine Appl. Energy 132 317 324 2014 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.009
- Zhang , Q. , Yao , M. , Luo , J. , Chen , H. , and Zhang , X. Diesel engine combustion and emissions of 2,5-dimethylfuran-diesel blends with 2-ethylhexyl nitrate addition 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.009
- Zhang , Q. , Chen , G. , Zheng , Z. , Liu , H. , Xu , J. , and Yao , M. Combustion and emissions of 2,5-dimethylfuran addition on a diesel engine with low temperature combustion Fuel 103 0 730 735 2013
- Wang , J. , Wang , X. , Fan , X. , Yang , K. , and Zhang , Y. An ignition delay time and kinetic study of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at high temperatures Fuel 186 758 769 2016 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.104
- Janssen , A.J. , Kremer , F.W. , Baron , J.H. , Muether , M. , Pischinger , S. , and Klankermayer , J. Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass for Homogeneous Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion Energy & Fuels 25 10 4734 4744 2011 10.1021/ef2010139
- Sudholt , A. , Cai , L. , Heyne , J. , Haas , F.M. , Pitsch , H. , and Dryer , F.L. Ignition characteristics of a bio-derived class of saturated and unsaturated furans for engine applications Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 3 2957 2965 2015 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.147
- Boot , M.D. , Tian , M. , Hensen , E.J.M. , and Mani Sarathy , S. Impact of fuel molecular structure on auto-ignition behavior - Design rules for future high performance gasolines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60 1 25 2017 10.1016/j.pecs.2016.12.001
- Lange , J.-P. , Price , R. , M.Ayoub , P. , Louis , J. , Petrus , L. , Clarke , L. , and Gosselink , H. Valeric Biofuels: A Platform of Cellulosic Transportation Fuels Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2010
- Bereczky , Á. , Lukács , K. , Farkas , M. , and Dóbé , S. Effect of γ-Valerolactone Blending on Engine Performance, Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emissions in a Diesel Engine Nat. Resour. 5 5 177 191 2014 10.4236/nr.2014.55017
- Koivisto , E. , Ladommatos , N. , and Gold , M. Compression Ignition and Exhaust Gas Emissions of Fuel Molecules Which Can Be Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Levulinates, Valeric Esters, and Ketones Energy & Fuels 29 9 5875 5884 2015 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01314
- Zhen , X. , Wang , Y. , Xu , S. , Zhu , Y. , Tao , C. , Xu , T. , and Song , M. The engine knock analysis - An overview Appl. Energy 92 628 636 2012 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.079
- Wallner , T. Correlation Between Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions and Flame Ionization Detector Response for Gasoline/Alcohol Blends J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 133 8 82801 2011 10.1115/1.4002893
- Nanda , S. , Mohammad , J. , Reddy , S.N. , Kozinski , J.A. , and Dalai , A.K. Pathways of lignocellulosic biomass conversion to renewable fuels Biomass Convers. Biorefinery 4 2 157 191 2014 10.1007/s13399-013-0097-z
- Murat Sen , S. , Henao , C.A. , Braden , D.J. , Dumesic , J.A. , and Maravelias , C.T. Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels: Process development and technoeconomic evaluation Chem. Eng. Sci. 67 1 57 67 2012 10.1016/j.ces.2011.07.022
- Yan , K. , Yang , Y. , Chai , J. , and Lu , Y. Catalytic reactions of gamma-valerolactone: A platform to fuels and value-added chemicals Appl. Catal. B Environ. 179 292 304 2015 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.030
- Yanowitz , J. , Christensen , E. , and Mccormick , R.L. Utilization of Renewable Oxygenates as Gasoline Blending Components National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2011
- Sarathy , S.M. , Oßwald , P. , Hansen , N. , and Kohse-Höinghaus , K. Alcohol combustion chemistry Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 44 40 102 2014 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.04.003
- El-Nahas , A.M. , Navarro , M. V. , Simmie , J.M. , Bozzelli , J.W. , Curran , H.J. , Dooley , S. , and Metcalfe , W. Enthalpies of Formation, Bond Dissociation Energies and Reaction Paths for the Decomposition of Model Biofuels: Ethyl Propanoate and Methyl Butanoate † J. Phys. Chem. A 111 19 3727 3739 2007 10.1021/jp067413s
- Quelch , G.E. , Gallo , M.M. , Shen , M. , Xie , Y. , Schaefer , H.F. , and Moncrieff , D. Aspects of the Reaction Mechanism of Ethane Combustion. 2. Nature of the Intramolecular Hydrogen Transfer J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 4953 4962 1994 10.1021/ja00090a046
- Stark , M.S. and Waddington , D.J. Oxidation of propene in the gas phase Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 27 2 123 151 1995 10.1002/kin.550270205
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundementals Internatio, McGraw-Hill Book Company 007028637X 1988
- Miller , J.A. and Bowman , C.T. Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 15 4 287 338 1989
- Zeldovich , Y.. B. , Sadavnikov , P.Y. , and Frank-Kamentskii , D.A. Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow 1947
- Bowman , C.T. Kinetics of pollutant formation and destruction in combustion Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 1 1 33 45 1975
- Tree , D.R. and Svensson , K.I. Soot processes in compression ignition engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 33 3 272 309 2007