This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Effect of Lean Operation, Ignition Advance, and Compression Ratio on the Performance and Emissions of a Propane Fueled Electronic Fuel Injected Engine
Technical Paper
2016-32-0068
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The performance and exhaust emissions of a commercially available, propane fueled, air cooled engine with Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) were investigated by varying relative Air to Fuel Ratio (λ), ignition timing, and Compression Ratio (CR). Varying λ and ignition timing was accomplished by modifying the EFI system using TechniCAL Industries’ engine development software. The CR was varied through using pistons with different bowl sizes. Strong relationships were recorded between λ and ignition timing and the resulting effect these parameters have on engine performance and emissions. Lean operation (λ > 1) has the potential to significantly reduce NOx production (110 g/kW-hr down to 5 g/kW-hr). Unfortunately, it also reduces engine torque by up to an order of magnitude (31 Nm down to 3 Nm). Moving ignition initiation to earlier in the compression stroke, 10o to 40o Before Top Dead Center (BTDC), improved engine performance considerably (25% improvement in brake torque) in the presence of excess air. Unfortunately, advancing the ignition also caused NOx production to increase. The effects these parameters have on engine performance are significant enough that the same engine can be used for vastly different applications with changes only to the control software. Compression ratio has a less significant effect on engine performance, but increasing CR does result in an increase engine torque. Increasing CR from 9.1:1 to 11:1 resulted in an increase in engine torque of approximately 10% for the operating parameters tested.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Lobo, J., Lee, J., Oswald, E., Lionetti, S. et al., "The Effect of Lean Operation, Ignition Advance, and Compression Ratio on the Performance and Emissions of a Propane Fueled Electronic Fuel Injected Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2016-32-0068, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-32-0068.Also In
References
- Lee , J. , Choi , S. , Kim , H. , Kim , D. , Choi , H. , and Min , K. Reduction of emissions with propane addition to a diesel engine Int. J. Automot. Technol. 14 4 551 558 2013 10.1007/s12239-013-0059-2
- Mizushima , N. , Sato , S. , Ogawa , Y. , Yamamoto , T. et al. Combustion Characteristics and Performance Increase of an LPG-SI Engine with Liquid Fuel Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2785 2009 10.4271/2009-01-2785
- Rajamani , V.K. , Schoenfeld , S. , and Dhongde , A. Parametric Analysis of Piston Bowl Geometry and Injection Nozzle Configuration using 3D CFD and DoE 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0700
- Goto , S. , Lee , D. , Shakal , J. , Harayama , N. et al. Performance and Emissions of an LPG Lean-Burn Engine for Heavy Duty Vehicles SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1513 1999 10.4271/1999-01-1513
- Evans , R.L. Chapter 4 - Lean-Burn Spark-Ignited Internal Combustion Engines Dunn-Rankin , D. Lean Combustion Academic Press Burlington 978-0-12-370619-5 95 120 2008
- Heywood , J.B. Internal combustion engine fundamentals McGraw-Hill New York 978-0-07-028637-5 1988
- Arsie , I. , Di Iorio , S. , and Vaccaro , S. Experimental investigation of the effects of AFR, spark advance and EGR on nanoparticle emissions in a PFI SI engine J. Aerosol Sci. 64 1 10 2013 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.05.005
- Guo , H. , Neill , W.S. , Chippior , W. , Li , H. , and Taylor , J.D. An Experimental and Modeling Study of HCCI Combustion Using n-Heptane J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132 2 022801 2010 10.1115/1.3124667
- Packham , K. Lean-burn engine technology increases efficiency, reduces NOx emissions Power Top. 7009 2007
- Kakaee , A.H. , Shojaeefard , M.H. , and Zareei , J. Sensitivity and Effect of Ignition Timing on the Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine: An Experimental and Modeling Study J. Combust. 2011 1 8 2011 10.1155/2011/678719
- Witze , P. and Green , R. LIF and Flame-Emission Imaging of Liquid Fuel Films and Pool Fires in an SI Engine During a Simulated Cold Start SAE Technical Paper 970866 1997 10.4271/970866
- Gong , J. and Rutland , C. A Quasi-Dimensional NOx Emission Model for Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1311 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1311
- Chiriac , R. , Apostolescu , N. , and Niculescu , D. An Experimental Study of Knock in a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with LPG SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0976 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0976
- Zheng , J.-J. , Wang , J.-H. , Wang , B. , and Huang , Z.-H. Effect of the compression ratio on the performance and combustion of a natural-gas direct-injection engine Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J. Automob. Eng. 223 1 85 98 2009