Thoracic Injury Risk Curves for Rib Deflections of the SID-IIs Build Level D

Authors

• Annette L. Irwin - General Motors LLC
• Greg Crawford - General Motors LLC
• David Gorman - General Motors LLC
• Sikui Wang - General Motors LLC
• Harold J. Mertz - General Motors Corporation

Topic

• Side impact crashes
• Impact tests
• Test procedures
• Injuries

Citation

Also In

References

1. Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005 Update 2008 2008 Gennarelli , T.A. , and Wodzin , E. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Barrington, IL
2. Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 2004 Response to NHTSA-2004-17694 Appendix A: Technical Summary of OSRP - SIDIIs Upgrade Task Group, NHTSA-2004-17694-032
3. Cavanaugh , J.M. , Walilko , T.J. , Malhotra , A. , Zhu , Y. , and King , A.I. 1990 Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the thorax in twelve sled side impacts Proc. 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference 23 38 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
4. Cavanaugh , J.M. , Zhu , Y. , Huang , Y. , and King , A.I. 1993 Injury and response of the thorax in side impact cadaveric tests Proc. 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference 199 221 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
5. Daniel , R.P. , Irwin , A.L. , Athey , J. , Balser , J. , Eichbrecht , P. , Hultman , R.W. , Kneisley , A. , Mertz , H.J. , Nusholtz , G. , Rouhana , S. , Scherer , R. , Salloum , M. , and Smrcka , J. 1995 Technical specifications of the SID-IIs dummy Proc. 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference 359 388 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
6. Di Domenico , L. , and Nusholtz , G. 2003 Comparison of parametric and non-parametric models for determining injury risk Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
7. Eppinger , R.H. , Augustyn , K , and Robbins , D.H. 1978 Development of a promising universal thoracic trauma prediction methodology Proc. 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference 211 268 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
8. Federal Register 2004 Anthropomorphic test devices; SID-IIsFRG side impact crash test dummy (SID-IIs with floating rib guide modifications); 5th percentile adult female; NPRM 49 CFR 572 69 235 70947 70971
9. Federal Register 2006 Anthropomorphic test devices; SID-IIs side impact crash test dummy 5th percentile adult female; Final Rule 49 CFR 572 71 240 75342 75384
10. Federal Register 2007 Federal motor vehicle safety standards; Occupant proection in interior impact; Side impact protection; Side impact phase-in reporting requirements; Final Rule 49 CFR 571 72 175 51908 51973
11. Federal Register 2008 Consumer information; New car assessment program; Final Decision Notice 49 CFR 571 73 134 40016 40050
12. Federal Register 2015 New car assessment program, Request for comments 49 CFR 80 241 78523 78591
13. Hasija , V. , Takhounts , E.G. , and Ridella , S.A. 2011 Evaluation of statistical methods for generating injury risk curves Proc 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles
14. Hosmer , D.W. , and Lemeshow , S. 1989 Applied logistic regression John Wiley & Sons New York
15. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2008 Side impact crashworthiness evaluation; Crash test protocol Arlington, VA
16. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2014 Side impact crashworthiness evaluation; Guidelines for rating injury measures Arlington, VA
17. Irwin , A.L. , Walilko , T.J. , and Cavanaugh , J.M. 1993 Displacement responses of the shoulder and thorax in lateral sled impacts Proc. 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference 165 173 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
18. Irwin , A.L. 1994 Analysis and CAL3D model of the shoulder and thorax responses of seven cadvers subjected to lateral impacts PhD Thesis Wayne State University
19. Irwin , A.L. , Mertz , H.J. , Elhagediab , A.M. , and Moss , S. 2002 Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 297 319
20. Irwin , A.L. , Sutterfield , A. , Hsu , T.P. , Kim , A. , Mertz , H.J. , Rouhana , S.W. , and Scherer , R. 2005 Side impact response corridors for the rigid flat-wall and offset-wall impact tests of NHTSA using the ISO method of corridor development Stapp Car Crash Journal 49 423 456
21. Irwin , A.L. , and Mertz , H.J. 2010 Rationale for and dimensions of impact surfaces for biofidelity tests of different sizes of frontal and side impact dummies Stapp Car Crash Journal 54 19 35
22. ISO/TR9790 1999 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy - Lateral Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity of the Dummy International Standards Organization, American National Standards Institute, NY NY
23. Kallieris , D. , Mattern , R. , Schmidt , G. , and Eppinger , R. 1981 Quantification of side impact responses and injuries Proc. 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference 329 366 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
24. Kirkish , S.L. , Hultman , R.W. , Scherer , R.D. , Daniel R.P , Rouhana S. , Nusholtz , G. , Athey , J. , Balser , J. , Irwin , A. , Mertz , H. , Kneisley , A. , Eichbrecht , P. , and Salloum , M. 1996 Status of prove-out testing of the SID-IIs alpha-prototype Proc. 15th International Conference on the Ehnanced Safety of Vehicles 1690 1716
25. Klein , J.P. , and Moeschberger , M.L. 1997 Survival analysis: Techniques for censored and truncated data Springer-Verlag New York
26. Kuppa , S. 2006 Injury criteria for side impact dummies National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
27. Lawless , J.F. 2003 Statistical model and methods for lifetime data 2nd John Wiley & Sons New York
28. Maltese , M.R. , Eppinger , R.H. , Rhule , H. , Donnelly , B. , Pinter , F.A. , and Yoganandan , N. 2002 Response corridors of human surrogates in lateral impacts Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 321 351
29. Marcus , J.H. , Morgan , R.M. , Eppinger , R.H. , Kallieris , D. , Mattern , R. , and Schmidt , G. 1983 Human response to and injury from lateral impact Proc. 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference 419 432 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
30. McKoy , F.L. , Nguyen , T.T. , Shook , L. S. , Pintar , F.A. , Yoganandan , N. , Humm , J.R. , Rhule , H. , Hagedorn , A. , Moorhouse , K. , and Brown , P. 2006 Repeatability, reproducibility, and durability evaluation of the SID-IIs build D dummy in the sled test environment National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
31. Mertz , H.J. , and Weber , D.A. 1982 Interpretations of the impact responses of a three-year old child dummy relative to child injury potential Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
32. Mertz , H.J. , Prasad , P. , and Nusholtz , G. 1996 Head injury risk assessment for forehead impacts Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
33. Mertz , H.J. , and Prasad , P. 2000 Improved neck injury risk curves for tension and extension moment measurement of crash dummies Proc. 44th Stapp Car Crash Conference 59 75 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
34. Mertz , H.J. , Irwin , A.L. , and Prasad , P. 2003 Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values Stapp Car Crash Journal 44 155 188
35. Mertz , H.J. , Prasad , P. , Dalmotas , D.J , and Irwin , A.L. 2016 Age-specific injury risk curves for distributed, anterior thoracic loading of various sizes of adults based on sternal deflections Stapp Car Crash Journal in press
36. Nakahira , Y. , Furukawa , K. , Niimi , H. , Ishihara , T. , Miki , K. , and Matsuoka , F. 2010 A combined evaluation method ans a modified maximum likelihood method for injury risk curves 147 155 International Conference of the Biomechanics of Impact Monptellier, France
37. Nelson , W. 1982 Applied Life Data Analysis John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York
38. Nusholtz , G. and Mosier , R. 1999 Consistent threshold estimate for doubly censored biomechanical data Occupant Protection, SP-1432 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
39. Petitjean , A. , Trosseille , X. , Petit , P. , Irwin , A. , Hassan , J. , and Praxl , N. 2009 Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy Stapp Car Crash Journal 53 443 476
40. Petitjean , A. , and Trosseille , X. 2011 Statistical simulations to evaluate the methods of the construction of injury risk curves Stapp Car Crash Journal 55 411 440
41. Petitjean , A. , Trosseille , X. , Praxl , N. , and Irwin , A. 2012 Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy Stapp Car Crash Journal 56 323 347
42. Peto , R. 1973 Experimental Survival curves for interval-censored data Applied Statistics 22 86 91
43. Pintar , F.A. , Yoganandan , N. , Hines , M.H. , Maltese , M.R. , McFadden , J. , Saul , R. , Khaewpong , N. , and Kleinberger , M. 1997 Chesstband aalysis of human tolerance to side impact Proc. 41st Stapp Car Carsh Conference 63 74 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
44. Rhule , H. , and Hagedorn , A. 2003 Development of the SID-IIsFRG National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
45. SAE International 2007 Surface Vehicle Information Report J1733, Sign convention for vehicle crash testing Warrendale, PA
46. SAE International 2014 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J211-1, Instrumentation for impact test - Part 1 - Electronic instrumentation Warrendale, PA
47. SAS/STAT 13.2 User's guide https://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/statug/66859/HTML/default/viewer.htm#titlepage.htm
48. Scherer , R.D. , Kirkish , S.L. , McCleary , J.P. , Rouhana , S.W. , Athey , J.B. , Balser , J.S. , Hultman , R.W. , Mertz , H.J. , Berliner , J.M. , Xu , L. , Kostyniuk , G.W. , Salloum , M. , Wang , Z. , and Morgan , C.R. 1998 SID-IIs beta+ prototype dummy biomechanical responses Proc. 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference 89 99 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
49. Side Airbag Out-of-Position Technical Working Group 2003 Recommended procedures for evaluating occupant injury risk from deploying side airbags
50. Stalnaker , R.L. , Tarriere , C. , Fayon , A. , Walfisch , G. , Balthazard , M. , Masset , J. , Got , C. , and Patel , A. 1979 Modification of Part 572 dummy for lateral impact according to biomechanical data Proc. 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference 841 872 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
51. Tarriere , C. 1989 Review of data and dummy requirements contained in ISO TC22 SC12 DP 9790-3 Req. 1 ISO TC22/SC12/WG5 Document N255
52. Turnbull , B.W. 1976 The emperical distribution function with arbitrarily grouped, censored, and truncated data Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 38 290 295
53. Tylko , S. , and Dalmotas , D. 2004 SID-IIs response in side impact testing Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
54. Walfisch , G. , Fayon , A. , and Rosey , J. P. 1978 Determination des tolerances humaines et des caracteristiques necessaires a l'optimisation de la protection en choc lateral Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomecanique Peugeot S. A./Renault Marche 78029
55. Wellner , J.A. , and Zhan , Y. 1997 A hybrid algorithm for computation of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator from censored data Journal of the Americal Statistical Association 92 945 959

Cited By