This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.

The Dimensional Model of Driver Demand: Visual-Manual Tasks

Journal Article
2016-01-1423
ISSN: 2327-5626, e-ISSN: 2327-5634
Published April 05, 2016 by SAE International in United States
The Dimensional Model of Driver Demand: Visual-Manual Tasks
Sector:
Citation: Young, R., Seaman, S., and Hsieh, L., "The Dimensional Model of Driver Demand: Visual-Manual Tasks," SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety 4(1):33-71, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1423.
Language: English

References

  1. Welford , A. Single-Channel Operation in the Brain Acta Psychologica 27 5 22 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0001691867900406 1967 10.1016/0001-6918(67)90040-6
  2. Broadbent , D.E. Decision and Stress Oxford, England Academic Press http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1972-08224-000 1971
  3. Moray , N. Where Is Attention Limited? A Survey and a Model Acta Psychologica 27 84 92 1967
  4. Kahneman , D. Attention and Effort Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall https://www.princeton.edu/∼kahneman/docs/attention_and_effort/Attention_lo_quality.pdf 1973
  5. Wickens , C.D. The Effects of Divided Attention on Information Processing in Manual Tracking Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 2 1 1 13 http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xhp/2/1/1/ 1976 10.1037/0096-1523.2.1.1
  6. Wickens , C.D. Multiple Resources and Mental Workload Human Factors 50 3 449 455 http://www.ise.ncsu.edu/nsf_itr/794B/papers/Wickens_2008_HF_MRT.pdf 2008 10.1518/001872008x288394
  7. Ho , C. and Spence , C. The Multisensory Driver: Implications for Ergonomic Car Interface Design Hampshire, England Ashgate Publishing Ltd. http://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/publications/464237 2008
  8. Merat , N. and Jamson , A. The Effect of Stimulus Modality on Signal Detection: Implications for Assessing the Safety of in-Vehicle Technology Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50 145-158 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354978 2008 10.1518/001872008X250656
  9. ISO/DIS 17488 Road Vehicles -- Transport Information and Control Systems -- Detection-Response Task (DRT) for Assessing Attentional Effects of Cognitive Load in Driving 2015 75 http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59887
  10. Posner , M.I. and Fan , J. Attention as an Organ System Topics in Integrative Neuroscience: From Cells to Cognition Pomerantz J.R. 31 61 Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press https://www.sacklerinstitute.org/cornell/people/jin.fan/publications/publications/ANT_AS_ORGAN_SYSTEM.pdf 2008
  11. Petersen , S.E. and Posner , M.I. The Attention System of the Human Brain: 20 Years After Annual Review of Neuroscience 35 73 http://cnsweb.bu.edu/Profiles/Mingolla.html/cnsftp/cn730-2007-pdf/posner_petersen90.pdf 2012
  12. Posner , M.I. Attention in a Social World Oxford University Press 2012
  13. Rothbart , M.K. and Posner , M.I. The Developing Brain in a Multitasking World Developmental Review 35 42 63 https://blogs.uoregon.edu/mposner/files/2015/05/Multitasking-DR-2015-1v2zjhn.pdf 2015
  14. Fan , J. , McCandliss , B.D. , Sommer , T. , Raz , A. et al. Testing the Efficiency and Independence of Attentional Networks Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14 3 340 347 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.474.442&rep=rep1&type=pdf 2002
  15. Fan , J. , Gu , X. , Guise , K.G. , Liu , X. et al. Testing the Behavioral Interaction and Integration of Attentional Networks Brain and Cognition 70 2 209 220 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027826260900027X 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2009.02.002
  16. Callejas , A. , Lupiáñez , J. and Tudela , P. The Three Attentional Networks: On Their Independence and Interactions Brain and Cognition 54 3 225 227 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262604000302 2004 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.02.012
  17. Foley , J. , Young , R. , Angell , L. and Domeyer , J. Towards Operationalizing Driver Distraction proceedings of 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, Bolton Landing New York http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/sites/default/files/DA2013/Papers/010_Foley_0.pdf June 17-20 2013
  18. Spence , C. and Ho , C. Multisensory Interface Design for Drivers: Past, Present and Future Ergonomics 51 1 65 70 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130701802759 2008 10.1080/00140130701802759
  19. Bédard , M. and Weaver , B. The Attention Network Test: A New Approach to Determine Safety to Drive? The Eye and the Auto Detroit Michigan 2011
  20. López-Ramón , M.F. , Castro , C. , Roca , J. , Ledesma , R. et al. Attentional Networks Functioning, Age, and Attentional Lapses While Driving Traffic injury prevention 12 5 518 528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2011.588295 2011
  21. López-Ramón , M.F. , Castro , C. , Roca , J. , Ledesma , R. et al. Analyzing the Relationship between Behavioral Measures of the Attentional Networks Performance & Self-Report Data of Attention-Related Driving Errors presented at 2nd International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention Gothenburg, Sweden September 5-7 2011
  22. Roca , J. , Lupiáñez , J. , López-Ramón , M.-F. and Castro , C. Are Drivers’ Attentional Lapses Associated with the Functioning of the Neurocognitive Attentional Networks and with Cognitive Failure in Everyday Life? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 17 0 98 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847812001039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2012.10.005
  23. Roca , J. , Crundall , D. , Castro , C. , López-Ramón , M.F. et al. Assessment of Drivers’ Attentional Performance Using the ANTI-V proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention Gothenburg, Sweden 2011
  24. Bowyer , S. , Hsieh , L. , Moran , J. , Young , R. et al. Conversation Effects on Neural Mechanisms Underlying Reaction Time to Visual Events While Viewing a Driving Scene Using Meg Brain Research 1251 151 161 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741688/ 2009 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.001
  25. Hsieh , L. , Young , R.A. , Bowyer , S.M. , Moran , J.E. et al. Conversation Effects on Neural Mechanisms Underlying Reaction Time to Visual Events While Viewing a Driving Scene: FMRI Analysis and Asynchrony Model Brain Research 1251 162 175 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/23415337_Conversation_effects_on_neural_mechanisms_underlying_reaction_time_to_visual_events_while_viewing_a_driving_scene_fMRI_analysis_and_asynchrony_model 2009 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.002
  26. Peiris , M.T.R. , Jones , R.D. , Davidson , P.R. , Carroll , G.J. et al. Frequent Lapses of Responsiveness During an Extended Visuomotor Tracking Task in Non-Sleep-Deprived Subjects Journal of Sleep Research 15 3 291 300 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00545.x 2006 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00545.x
  27. Young , R.A. Drowsy Driving Increases Severity of Safety-Critical Events and Is Decreased by Cell Phone Conversation proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention Gothenburg, Sweden http://document.chalmers.se/download?docid=19e9af22-8aec-4b5e-95d5-c24d9d286020 September 4-6 2013 9
  28. Young , R.A. , Hsieh , L. and Seaman , S. The Dimensional Model of Secondary Task Effects on Driving: Extension to Auditory-Vocal and Mixed-Mode Tasks Proceedings of Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit, MI April 2016
  29. Pearson , K. On Lines and Planes of Closest Fit to System of Points in Space Philosophical Magazine 2 559 572 http://stat.smmu.edu.cn/history/pearson1901.pdf 1901 10.1080/14786440109462720
  30. Young , R. Principal-Component Analysis of Macaque Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Chromatic Data Journal of the Optical Society of America 3 1735 1742 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19388572_Principal-component_analysis_of_macaque_lateral_geniculate_nucleus_chromatic_data 1986
  31. Jackson , J.E. A User's Guide to Principal Components 587 John Wiley & Sons http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/0471725331 2005
  32. Jolliffe , I.T. Principal Component Analysis (2nd Ed.) New York Springer-Verlag http://wpage.unina.it/cafiero/books/pc.pdf 2002
  33. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis
  34. Minitab®, Version 17.2.1 https://www.minitab.com/en-us/ 2015
  35. Stata http://www.stata.com/ 2015
  36. Kaiser , H.F. An Index of Factorial Simplicity Psychometrika 39 1 31 36 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02291575 1974
  37. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Operational Definitions of Driving Performance Measures and Statistics SAE Standard J2944 Jun. 2015
  38. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Definitions and Experimental Measures Related to the Specification of Driver Visual Behavior Using Video Based Techniques SAE Standard J2396 Jul. 2000
  39. Angell , L. , Young , R. , Hankey , J.M. and Dingus , T. An Evaluation of Alternative Methods for Assessing Driver Workload in the Early Development of In-Vehicle Information Systems SAE Technical Paper xlink:href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2002-01-1981" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2002-01-1981 2002
  40. Young , R. , Aryal , B. , Muresan , M. , Ding , X. et al. Road-to-Lab: Validation of the Static Load Test for Predicting On-Road Driving Performance While Using Advanced in-Vehicle Information and Communication Devices Proceedings of the Third International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2005/PDF/35_DickYoungformat.pdf 2005
  41. Young , R. and Angell , L. The Dimensions of Driver Performance During Secondary Manual Tasks proceedings of Driving Assessment 2003: The Second International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design Park City, Utah http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2003/pdf/25_Youngformat.pdf July 21-24 2003
  42. NHTSA Proposed Driver Workload Metrics and Methods Project United States Department of Transportation Washington, DC USA http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/Human%20Factors/driver-distraction/PDF/32.PDF
  43. Johansson , E. , Carsten , O. , Janssen , W. , Jamson , S. et al. HASTE Deliverable 3: Validation of the HASTE Protocol Specification August http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/haste/downloads/Haste_D3.pdf 2005
  44. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary_process
  45. Meyer , D.E. , Irwin , D.E. , Osman , A.M. and Kounois , J. The Dynamics of Cognition and Action: Mental Processes Inferred from Speed-Accuracy Decomposition Psychological Review 95 2 183 237 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19781733_The_Dynamics_of_Cognition_and_Action_Mental_Processes_Inferred_From_Speed-Accuracy_Decomposition 1988 10.1037//0033-295X.95.2.183
  46. Drury , C.G. Managing the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off The Occupational Ergonomics Handbook Karwowski W. and Marras W. S. 677 691 Boca Raton, FL USA CRC Press 1999
  47. Alliance Statement of Principles, Criteria and Verification Procedures on Driver-Interactions with Advanced in-Vehicle Information and Communication Systems, June 26, 2006 Version Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Driver Focus -Telematics Working Group Washington, DC http://www.autoalliance.org/index.cfm?objectid=D6819130-B985-11E1-9E4C000C296BA163 2006
  48. NHTSA Visual-Manual NHTSA Driver Distraction Guidelines for Portable and Aftermarket Electronic Devices (Docket NHTSA-2013-0137) http://www.regulations.gov/#!searchResults;rpp=25;po=0;s=NHTSA-2013-0137;dct=FR%252BPR%252BN%252BO%252BPS%252BSR 2014
  49. DOT Proposed Driver Workload Metrics and Methods Project U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, D.C. http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/Human%20Factors/driver-distraction/PDF/32.PDF 1995
  50. Young , R. Event Detection: The Second Dimension of Driver Performance for Visual-Manual Tasks SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Electron. Electr. Syst. 5 1 297 316 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0964
  51. Angell , L. , Auflick , J. , Austria , P. , Kochhar , D. et al. Driver Workload Metrics Task 2 Final Report DOT HS 810 635, Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Cr ash%20Avoidance/Driver%20Distraction/Driver%20Workload%20Metrics%20Final%20Report.pdf 2006
  52. Angell , L. , Auflick , J. , Austria , P. , Biever , W. et al. Driver Workload Metrics Project, Task 2 Final Report, Appendices National Highway Traffic Safety Administration http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Crash%20Avoidance/2006/Driver%20Workload%20Metrics_appendices.pdf 2006
  53. Young , R.A. , Lesperance , R.M. and Meyer , W.W. The Gaussian Derivative Model for Spatial-Temporal Vision: I. Cortical Model Spatial Vision 14 261 319 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.99.59 91&rep=rep1&type=pdf 2001 10.1163/156856801753253582
  54. Young , R. and Lesperance , R. The Gaussian Derivative Model for Spatial-Temporal Vision: II. Cortical Data Spatial Vision 14 3 321 389 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.99.5991&rep=rep1&type=pdf 2001 10.1163/156856801753253591
  55. Regan , D. and Beverley , K. Looming Detectors in the Human Visual Pathway Vision Research 18 4 415 421 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042698978900512 1978 10.1016/0042-6989(78)90051-2
  56. Bowyer , S. , Hsieh , L. , Moran , J. , Young , R. et al. Conversation Effects on Neural Mechanisms Underlying Reaction Time to Visual Events While Viewing a Driving Scene Using Meg Brain Research 1251 151 161 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741688/ 2009 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.001
  57. Young , R.A. , Hsieh , L. and Seaman , S. The Tactile Detection Response Task: Preliminary Validation for Measuring the Attentional Effects of Cognitive Load Proceedings of 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design Bolton Landing, NY http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/sites/default/files/DA2013/Papers/012_Young_0.pdf June 17-20 2013
  58. Dingus , T. A. Attentional Demand Evaluation for an Automobile Moving-Map Navigation System Ph.D. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=261899 1987
  59. Dingus , T.A. , Hulse , M.C. , Antin , J.F. and Wierwille , W.W. Attentional Demand Requirements of an Automobile Moving-Map Navigation System Transportation Research Part A: General 23 4 301 315 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223660210_Attentional_demand_requirements_of_an_automobile_moving-map_navigation_system 1989 10.1016/0191-2607(89)90013-7
  60. Wierville , W.A. , Antin , J.F. , Dingus , T.A. and Hülse , M.C. Visual Attentional Demand of an in-Car Navigation Display System Vision in Vehicles II. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Vision in Vehicles Gale A G , Freeman M H , Haslegrave C M , Smith P and Taylor S P 307 316 Nottingham, United Kingdom 1988
  61. Dingus , T.A. , Antin , J.A. , Hulse , M.C. and Wierwille , W.W. Human Factors Test and Evaluation of an Automobile Moving-Map Navigation System. Part I: Attentional Demand Requirements General Motors Research Laboratories Warren, MI 1986
  62. Dingus , T.A. , Antin , J.A. , Hulse , M.C. and Wierwille , W.W. Human Factors Test and Evaluation of an Automobile Moving-Map Navigation System. Part I: Attentional Demand Requirements General Motors Research Laboratories Warren, MI 1986
  63. Dingus , T. and Klauer , S. The Relative Risks of Secondary Task Induced Driver Distraction SAE Technical Paper 2008-21-0001 2008
  64. Klauer , S.G. , Dingus , T.A. , Neale , V.L. , Sudweeks , J.D. et al. The Impact of Driver Inattention on near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data (Report No. DOT HS 810 594) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, DC http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Crash Avoidance/Driver Distraction/810594.pdf 2006
  65. Ranney , T.A. , Baldwin , G.H.S. , Parmer , E. , Martin , J. et al. Distraction Effects of Manual Number and Text Entry While Driving DOT HS 811 510 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, DC http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NVS/Crash%20Avoidance/Technical%20Publications/2011/811510.pdf 2011
  66. Zwahlen , H. , Adams , C. and De Bald , D. Safety Aspects of CRT Touch Panel Controls in Automobiles Vision in Vehicles II. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Vision in Vehicles Nottingham, UK http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=927092 September 14-17 1987
  67. Young , R. Self-Regulation Minimizes Crash Risk from Attentional Effects of Cognitive Load during Auditory-Vocal Tasks SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety 2 1 67 85 2014 10.4271/2014-01-0448
  68. Posner , M.I. Timing the Brain: Mental Chronometry as a Tool in Neuroscience PLoS Biol 3 2 e51 http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030051 2005
  69. Posner , M.I. Chronometric Explorations of Mind Lawrence Erlbaum 1978
  70. Meyer , D.E. , Osman , A.M. , Irwin , D.E. and Yantis , S. Modern Mental Chronometry Biological Psychology 26 1 3 67 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0301051188900130 1988 10.1016/0301-0511(88)90013-0
  71. Green , P. Visual and Task Demands of Driver Information Systems University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) http://umich.edu/∼driving/publications/UMTRI-98-16.pdf 1998
  72. Green , P. The 15-Second Rule for Driver Information Systems Proceedings of the ITS America Ninth Annual Meeting http://umich.edu/∼driving/publications/ITSA-Green1999.pdf 1999
  73. Green , P. Estimating Compliance with the 15-Second Rule for Driver-Interface Usability and Safety Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting http://umich.edu/∼driving/publications/HFES-Green1999.pdf 1999
  74. Green , P. Why Safety and Human Factors/Ergonomics Standards Are So Difficult to Establish In Human Factors in Transportation, Communication, Health and the Workplace de Waard D. , Brookhuis K.A. , Moraal J. and Toffetti A. Maastricht, the Netherlands Shaker Publishing http://www.umich.edu/∼driving/publications/PGreen-Turin.pdf 2002
  75. Green , P. and Shah , R. Safety Vehicles Using Adaptive Interface Technology (Task 6): Task Time and Glance Measures of the Use of Telematics: A Tabular Summary of the Literature University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute Ann Arbor, MI http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/92350/102882.pdf?sequence=1 2004
  76. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Calculation of the Time to Complete In- Vehicle Navigation and Route Guidance Tasks SAE Standard J2365 May 2002
  77. Foley , J. Lessons Learned from the Development of J2364 SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1847 2005 10.4271/2005-01-1847
  78. Burns , P. , Harbluk , J. , Foley , J.P. and Angell , L. The Importance of Task Duration and Related Measures in Assessing the Distraction Potential of in-Vehicle Tasks Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI 2010) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA http://www.auto-ui.org/10/proceedings/p12.pdf November 11-12, 2010
  79. SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Navigation and Route Guidance Function Accessibility While Driving SAE Standard J2364 Jun. 2015
  80. Green , P. Estimating Compliance with the 15-Second Rule for Driver-interface Usability and Safety Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting 1999
  81. Green , P. The 15-second Rule for Driver Information Systems ITS America Ninth Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings Washington, DC 1999
  82. Tijerina , L. , Parmer , E. and Goodman , M.J. Preliminary Evaluation of the Proposed SAE J2364 15-Second Rule for Accessibility of Route Navigation System Functions While Driving Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=696051 2000
  83. Angell , L. , Young , R. , Hankey , J. , and Dingus , T. An Evaluation of Alternative Methods for Assessing Driver Workload in the Early Development of In-Vehicle Information Systems SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1981 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1981
  84. Young , R. , Aryal , B. , Muresan , M. , Ding , X. et al. Road-to-Lab: Validation of the Static Load Test for Predicting On-Road Driving Performance while Using Advanced in-Vehicle Information and Communication Devices Proceedings of the Third International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2005/PDF/35_DickYoungformat.pdf 2005
  85. Young , R.A. , Angell , L.S. , Sullivan , J.M. , Seaman , S. et al. Validation of the Static Load Test for Event Detection During Hands-Free Conversation Proceedings of the Fifth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design Big Sky, Montana http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2009/037_YoungAngell.pdf June 22-25 2009
  86. Iwasa , T. and Hashimoto , T. Study of Reproducibility of Pedal Tracking and Detection Response Task to Assess Driver Distraction SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety 3 2 110 117 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1388
  87. Iwasa , T. , Hashimoto , T. and Nagashima , H. A New Bench Test Method for Driver Distraction of Visual-Manual and Auditory-Vocal Tasks Proceedings of FISITA 2014 World Automotive Congress (F2014-AHF-019) Maastricht, the Netherlands http://www.fisita2014.com/ June 2-6. 2014
  88. Uno , H. and Nakamura , Y. Study on Assessment Method Using Tracking Task as Subsidiary Probe Task to Estimate the Demand of Operating an in-Vehicle Information Device poster at Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter 2014 Lisbon, Portugal http://www.hfes-europe.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/11/UnoPoster2014.pdf October 8-10 2014
  89. Tsimhoni , O. and Green , P. Visual Demand of Driving and the Execution of Display-Intensive in-Vehicle Tasks Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45 23 1586 1590 http://www.umich.edu/∼driving/publications/HFESTsimhoni2001.pdf 2001
  90. Wikman , A.-S. , Nieminen , T. and Summala , H. Driving Experience and Time-Sharing During in-Car Tasks on Roads of Different Width Ergonomics 41 3 358 372 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00140139818708 1998 10.1080/001401398187080
  91. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_correlation
  92. Young , R.A. Evaluation of the Total Eyes-Off-Road Time Glance Criterion in the NHTSA Visual-Manual Guidelines Transportation Research Board
  93. Jeong , D.H. , Ziemkiewicz , C. , Fisher , B. , Ribarsky , W. et al. iPCA: An Interactive System for PCA-Based Visual Analytics Computer Graphics Forum 28 3 767 774 http://www.purdue.edu/discoverypark/vaccine/assets/pdfs/publications/pdf/iPCA.pdf June 2009
  94. http://ipca-interactive-principal-component-ana.software.informer.com/
  95. Wierwille , W.W. and Tijerina , L. Modelling the Relationship between Driver in-Vehicle Visual Demands and Accident Occurrence Vision in Vehicles VI Gale A. , Brown I.D. , Taylor S.P. and Haslegrave C.M. 233 243 Amsterdam Elsevier http://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_242937_38 1998
  96. Tijerina , L. , Kiger , S. , Rockwell , T. , and Wierwille , W. NHTSA Heavy Vehicle Driver Workload Assessment Final Report Supplement--Task 5: Heavy Vehicle Driver Workload Assessment Protocol (DOT HS 808 467) Washington, DC National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation 1996 http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/2214.pdf
  97. Young , R. Revised Odds Ratio Estimates of Secondary Tasks: A Re-Analysis of the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1387 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1387
  98. Liang , Y. Detecting Driver Distraction Ph.D. Thesis The University of Iowa 2009 http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/248
  99. Liang , Y. , Lee , J.D. and Yekhshatyan , L. How Dangerous Is Looking Away from the Road? Algorithms Predict Crash Risk from Glance Patterns in Naturalistic Driving Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54 6 1104 1116 http://hfs.sagepub.com/content/54/6/1104.short 2012 10.1177/0018720812446965
  100. Victor , T. , Bärgman , J. , Boda , C.-N. , Dozza , M. et al. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Safer Glances, Driver Inattention, and Crash Risk Transportation Research Board http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/shrp2/SHRP2prepubS08AReport.pdf 2014
  101. Angell , L. Effects of Secondary Task Demands on Drivers’ Responses to Events During Driving: Surrogate Methods and Issues (Abstract) Proceedings of the Fourth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driving Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design Stevenson, Washington http://drivingassessment.uiowa.edu/DA2007/PDF/005_Angell.pdf 2007
  102. Rupp , G. and Angell , L. Chapter 3: Conceptualizing Effects of Secondary Tasks on Event Detection Warrendale SAE International 2010 49 72 10.4271/R-402
  103. Angell , L.S. The ‘Looking but Not Seeing’ Phenomenon: Could It Be Happening to Us? Are We Looking and Not Seeing? Proceedings of International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving https://secure.hosting.vt.edu/www.apps.vtti.vt.edu/PDFs/NDRS-presentations/Angell.pdf August 31 2010
  104. http://www.toyota.com/csrc/driver-distraction-cognitive-modelvalidation.html

Cited By